Nitric acid

Preparation of Oxygen Oxygen is prepared in lab generally in two ways either by the application of heat or no application of heat. Using heat: Oxygen in lab is prepared by heating the mixture of powdered potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide in the ratio 4:1 in a hard glass test tube. The oxygen gas is observed in a gas jar through the downward displacement of water. The reaction involved is given below: 2KClO3−→−−−−−MnO2200−300∘C2KCl+3O2↑ Without heat:  The dry sodium peroxide is taken in a conical flask and the apparatus is fitted as shown in figure. The two necks of woulfe’s bottle ... Read more

  Preparation of nitrogen Nitrogen is found in both free and combined states. It occupies 78.07% by volume. Nitrogen can be prepared: By heating copper in air: Firstly, air is passed through lime water and then concentrated sulphuric acid to make the air free from carbon dioxide and moistures respectively. The air contains only nitrogen and oxygen which are passed over the heated copper wire as shown in the figure. Here copper combines with oxygen to make copper oxide and nitrogen gas passes over. This nitrogen can be collected by downward displacement of water. By burning phosphorous in air: Nitrogen ... Read more

Acid An acid is a substance which forms H+ ions as the only positive ion in aqueous solution. Examples:- Hydrochloric acid dissolved in water forms H+ and Cl– ions   HCl —> H+ + Cl–   Sulphuric acid dissolved in water forms H+ and SO42- ions   H2SO4 —>2H+ + SO42-   Nitric acid forms H+ and NO3– ions when dissolved in water   HNO3 —> H+ + NO3–   Ethanoic acid,also know as acetic acid, forms H+ and CH3COO– ions in water   CH3COOH —> H+ + CH3COO– Acetone, also known as propanone, doesn’t form any ions in water, so it isn’t an acid. CH3COCH3 just dissolves in water. Methane, CH4, doesn’t form any ions ... Read more

The pH of natural rain is found to be in the range from 5 to 7. The term acid rain is customarily applied to precipitation with a pH below 5. Such low pH values are generally possible only in the presence of large amounts of anthropogenic pollution. Sulphuric acid and nitric acid is considered as the principal agents responsible for acid rain. But the major culprit are human beings. Smokes emitted from the industries is the major source of sulphur dioxide whereas smokes emitted from the motor vehicle is the major source of nitrogen oxide. These emissions mixed with atmospheric ... Read more