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Classifications, generations, applications and limitations of digital computers   Computer Classification: By Size and Power Computers differ based on their data processing abilities. They are classified according to purpose, data handling and functionality. According to functionality, computers are classified as: Analog Computer: A computer that represents numbers by some continuously variable physical quantity, whose variations mimic the properties of some system being modeled. Personal computer: A personal computeris a computer small and low cost. The term”personal computer” is used to describe desktop computers (desktops). Workstation: A terminal or desktop computer in a network. In this context, workstation is just a generic term for a user’s machine (client machine) in contrast to a “server” or “mainframe.” Minicomputer: A minicomputer isn’t ... Read more

Respiratory System Introduction Red blood cells are like trucks that transport cargo on a highway system. Their cargo is oxygen, and the highways are blood vessels. Where do red blood cells pick up their cargo of oxygen? The answer is the lungs. The lungs are organs of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is the body system that brings air containing oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Respiration The job of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air. This process, called respiration, actually consists of two parts. ... Read more

CHHATTISGARH Raman invites herbal majors to set up mfg units in c’garh   Chief Minister Raman Singh on Saturday invited reputed herbal products manufacturers of the country to set up units for production of herbal medicines in Chhattisgarh.   He was addressing the inaugural programme of two-day national symposium on ‘Vanoshadhi Chhattisgarh 2018″ based on herbal medicines here.   On the occasion, Singh released souvenir published by Chhattisgarh State Medicinal Plant Board.   The Chief Minister informed the herbal medicine manufacturing companies attending the symposium about the scope of farming, production and market for herbal medicines in Chhattisgarh.   He ... Read more

The Rate of a Chemical Reaction The rate of a chemical reaction can be defined as the amount of the reaction which occurs in unit time. The rate of a reaction is measured by choosing certain properties of the reaction which will indicate how far the reaction has gone, and whose magnitude can be observed with time without disturbing the reaction. For example, a reaction which shows color change: the rate of such reaction can be measured by observing how the intensity of color formed changes with time. In a similar way, a reaction which involves gases can have its ... Read more

Properties of polythene Polyethylene is a thermoplastic polymer with variable crystalline structure and an extremely large range of applications depending on the particular type. It is one of the most widely produced plastics in the world (tens of millions of tons are produced worldwide each year). The commercial process (the Ziegler-Natta catalysts) that made PE such a success was developed in the 1950s by German and Italian scientists Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta. There are a vast array of applications for polyethylene in which certain types are more or less well suited. Generally speaking, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is much ... Read more

Minerals Minerals are defined as solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substances with a definite chemical formula and general structure. Almost all chemical elements in the Earth’s crust are associated with at least one mineral. They vary in color, hardness, density, crystal form, crystal size, transparency, composition, location, and abundance. Some minerals are radioactive (uranophane), while others are magnetic (magnetite). Some are uncombined elements, such as gold, silver, sulfur, bismuth, copper and platinum. Certain minerals, such as fluorite (calcium fluoride), glow with a vibrant luminescence after exposure to ultraviolet light. Feldspar (a potassium aluminum silicate) and quartz (silicon dioxide) are the most ... Read more

 Refining of ores Metallurgy Metallurgy Metallurgy is the process of obtaining metals from ores. It may be defined as the processes which are involved in the extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use are known as metallurgy. Steps of Metallurgy: Metals can be extracted from their ores by following processes: Enrichment of ore or Concentration of Ore Conversion of concentrated ore into metal oxide Reduction of metal Oxide to metal Purification or Refining of Impure metal   ENRICHMENT OF ORE OR CONCENTRATION OF ORE   Before extracting the metal from an ore, it is necessary to remove ... Read more