raw material

.  A new technological study reveals that by the year 2050, there will be need a for three times as much primary power and it will have to be three times as clean. There is no earthly technology now available, or capable of becoming available by the year 2050, that can solve the energy problem. Over one trillion dollars has already been spent on space technology and now its time to build on what was started forty years ago. Lunar Solar Power is a clean and renewable energy source and it could replace polluting fossil fuel plants. It uses collectors ... Read more

Forest area of Chhattisgarh approx 59,772 square kilometers, which is 44.21 percent of the Chhattisgarh ‘s geographical area. Third rank in the country In terms of forest covers. Forests of Chhattisgarh state divided into two major categories, namely Tropical Humid Deciduous forest and tropical dry Deciduous forest. The state’s two main tree species are sal (Shorea robusta) and teak (Tectona grandis). In addition, the Top Canopy species are bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Saja (Terminalia tomentosa), Dhavdha (Anogeissus latifolia), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon). Mid-Canopy species are Anwala (Embilica officinalis), Karra (Cleistanthus collius) and bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) etc. There are various ... Read more

Economic reforms in india New Industrial Policy Under Industrial Policy, keeping in view the priorities of the country and its economic development, the roles of the public and private sectors are clearly decided. Under the New Industrial Policy, the industries have been freed to a large extent from the licenses and other controls. In order to encourage modernisation, stress has been laid upon the use of latest technology. A great reduction has been effected in the role of the public sector.  Efforts have been made to encourage foreign investment. Investment decision by companies has been facilitated by ending restrictions imposed ... Read more

Structural changes in the Indian Economy Change in composition of domestic product or change in national income by industry of origin refers to change in relative significance (share) of different sectors of the economy. Generally, an economy is divided into three major sectors viz. primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Primary sector includes agricultural and allied activities, secondary sector includes manufacturing industries and tertiary sector includes services. With the development process, significance of primary sector declines while that of secondary and tertiary sectors increases. After independence, Indian economy has also experienced such changes. The share of primary sector in GDP at ... Read more

Control of Pests and crop Disease Agriculture is the single largest sector of India that provides the principal means of livelihood for over 58.4% of country’s population. It contributes approximately one-fifth of the total gross domestic product (GDP). Agriculture accounts for about 10% of the total export earnings and provides raw material to a large number of industries, however, low and volatile growth rates and the recent escalation of agrarian crisis in several parts of the Indian countryside are a threat not only to national food security but also to economic wellbeing of the nation as a whole. To satisfy ... Read more

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT- DIRECTION (Communication,Supervision,Motivation,Leadership)   Directing is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspiring people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. It is the process of telling people what to do and seeing that they do it in the best possible manner.   Elements in Directing: The four essential elements in Directing are :   Communication Supervision Motivation Leadership     COMMUNICATION   Communication is a basic organisational function, which refers to the process by which a person (known as sender) transmits information or messages to another person (known as receiver). The purpose of communication in organisations is ... Read more

CHHATTISGARH   Govt starts survey to link rivers   The Chhattisgarh Government has commenced survey work for river inter-linking projects in the State, officials informed.   The Government has approved Rs 36.55 crore as the budget  for taking up the survey work for three projects during financial year 2018-19.   A total of five river inter-linking projects had been prepared in the State,They are- Mahanadi-Tandula, Pairi-Mahanadi, Rehar-Atem, Ahiran-Kharang and Hasdeo-Kawai.   Water Resources Minister Brijmohan Agrawal informed that there would be total filling of water in all irrigation dams from river waters. The river-inter linking project is a task in ... Read more

Crop Science in India In India around 70% of the population earns its livelihood from agriculture. It fulfills the basic need of human beings and animals. It is an important source of raw material for many agro based industries. India’s geographical condition is unique for agriculture because it provides many favorable conditions. There are plain areas, fertile soil, long growing seasons and wide variation in climatic condition etc. Apart from unique geographical conditions, India has been consistently making innovative efforts by using science and technology to increase production.   SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE Mostly Subsistence Agriculture. Pressure of population ... Read more

Urban Indian economy after 1858 During this period, the Indian economy essentially remained stagnant, growing at the same rate (1.2%) as the population.  India also experienced deindustrialization during this period. Compared to the Mughal era, India during the British colonial era had a lower per-capita income, a large decline in the secondary sector, and lower levels of urbanization. India’s share of the world economy and share of global industrial output declined significantly during British rule. Some of the important features of Indian urban economy during this period are as follows: Deindustrialization In the seventeenth century, India was a relatively urbanised ... Read more

Decline of handicrafts during British period India’s traditional village economy was characterised by the “blending of agriculture and handicrafts”.  But this internal balance of the village economy had been systematically slaughtered by the British Government. In the process, traditional handicraft industries slipped away, from its pre-eminence and its decline started at the turn of the 18th century and proceeded rapidly almost to the beginning of the 19th century.  This process came to be known as ‘de-industrialisation’—a term opposite to industrialisation. The use of the word ‘de-industrialisation’ could be traced to 1940. Its dictionary meaning is ‘the reduction or destruction of ... Read more