South India

Hindu sects: Hinduism as a federation of various sects – Shaiva, Vaishnava and Shakta Hinduism is a complex religion. It is an artificial collection of several traditions that originated in India in the last few millenniums. Since, the Muslim and British rulers and scholars alike were ignorant of the native traditions, they grouped everything under the generic name Hinduism to contrast them with their own beliefs and practices. Thus the name, Hinduism, came to say. But a close examination of Hinduism reveals that it has many sects and teacher traditions, with large following, which can be treated as religions themselves. ... Read more

CHHATTISGARH World bank lauds e-devices for managing pds   In Chhattisgarh, electronic devices for the Public Distribution System (PDS) for food assistance reduced ‘leakages’ from 52 per cent in 2005 to 9 per cent in 2012, says World Development Report of the World Bank 2019 titled ‘ The Changing Nature of Work’ (Working Draft) released on April 20 this year.   Social insurance programs such as India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme have been linked to decreased violence by offering up alternative sources of income to those who might be tempted to join local insurgencies , it informed.   Administrative ... Read more

Indian trade links with Europe started in through sea route only after the arrival of Vasco da Gama in Calicut, India on May 20, 1498. The Portuguese had traded in Goa as early as 1510, and later founded three other colonies on the west coast in Diu, Bassein, and Mangalore. In 1601 the East India Company was chartered, and the English began their first inroads into the Indian Ocean. At first they were little interested in India, but rather, like the Portuguese and Dutch before them, with the Spice Islands. But the English were unable to dislodge the Dutch from ... Read more

Crop Science in India In India around 70% of the population earns its livelihood from agriculture. It fulfills the basic need of human beings and animals. It is an important source of raw material for many agro based industries. India’s geographical condition is unique for agriculture because it provides many favorable conditions. There are plain areas, fertile soil, long growing seasons and wide variation in climatic condition etc. Apart from unique geographical conditions, India has been consistently making innovative efforts by using science and technology to increase production.   SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE Mostly Subsistence Agriculture. Pressure of population ... Read more

Integration of Princely States Under the plan of 3 June, more than 562 princely states were given the option of joining either India or Pakistan, or choosing independence. Indian nationalists and large segments of the public feared that if these states did not accede, most of the people and territory would be fragmented. The Congress as well as senior British officials considered Patel the best man for the task of achieving unification of the princely states with the Indian dominion. Patel asked v.p.menon a senior civil servant with whom he had worked over the partition of India to become his ... Read more

Kingdom of Vijaynagar The kingdom of Vijaynagar founded by two brothers, Harihar and Bukka, on the south bank of the River Tungabhadra in 1336 AD. According to the legends, they had been the feudatories of the Kakatiyas of Warangal. Later they became ministers in the kingdom of Kampili. After the destruction of Kampili kingdom by Bin Tuglaq they were imprisoned and converted to Islam. Harihar and Bukkaforshook their new master and their new faith and they were readmitted to Hinduism by their guru, Vidyaranya. They established their capital at Vijaynagar. After death of Hoysala ruler VeeraBallala III,  Harihar and Bukka ... Read more

Archaeological sites of Chattishgarh Malhar Malhar is a small town situated in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh, India. It has archaeological significance. It is 40 km away from Bilaspur by road. In Malhar, many ancient temples have been found, such as the Pataleshwar temple, the Devri temple & the Dindeshwari temple. Ancient deposits and Jain memorials were also found here. The four handed idol of Vishnu is significant. The remains found here are of the period from approximately 1000 BC to the Ratnapura Kalachuri regime. Temples of the 10th and 11th centuries are also conspicuous. Among them, the Pataleshwar Kedar temple ... Read more

Indus Valley Civilization   Indus Valley Civilization was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan (around 12 lakh sq.km). The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. 2700- BC.1900 i.e. for 800 years. But early Indus Valley Civilization had existed even before BC.2700.   Features of Indus Valley Civilization 2700- BC.1900 i.e. for 800 years. On the valleys of river Indus. Also known as Harappan Civilization. Beginning of city life. Harappan Sites discovered by – Dayaram Sahni (1921) – Montgomori district, Punjab, Pakistan. Mohenjo-Daro ... Read more

During the Governor-General Lord Canning May 11, 1857. The Meerut incident. Capture of Delhi. Proclaiming B S Jazar as the emperor. Almost half the Company’s sepoy strength of 232224 opted out of their loyalty to their regimental colours. Kanpur: Nana Saheb; Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal; Bareilly: Khan Bahadur; Jagdishpur (Ara): Kunwar Singh; Jhansi: Rani Lakshmi Bai Only the Madras army remained totally loyal. Sikh regiment as well remained largely loyal. Causes for the revolt The revolt was a result of the accumulated grievances of the people against Company’s administration and a loathing for the character and policies of the colonial ... Read more