the society

CHHATTISGARH Govt developing app to improve school learning outcomes   The Chhattisgarh Government under its Shalakosh project is rolling out an App called “COSMO”, which will be installed on Tablets that will be provided to Government run schools in every district, officials informed.   This app will enable the teachers to improve learning outcomes in schools and will provide all services of an education specific ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) tool.   The government already has several m-governance apps available for citizens today – m-CHOiCE for e-district services, Bhuiyan for land records, CG-DPR for government news and announcements, Chhattisgarh Tourism App ... Read more

Chhattisgarh: Socio, Political and Economic empowerment of Women. Child Labour problem Chhattisgarh has a high female-male sex ratio (991) ranking at the fifth position among other states of India. Although this ratio is small compared to other states, it is unique in India because Chhattisgarh is the 10th-largest state in India.  The gender ratio (number of females per 1,000 males) has been steadily declining over 20th century in Chhattisgarh. But it is conspicuous that Chhattisgarh always had a better female-to-male ratio compared with national average. Probably, such social composition also results in some customs and cultural practices that seem unique ... Read more

Concept of State and Sovereignty The State is a social contract, a guarantee of social order in exchange for which the citizens agree to reduce their freedom.According to Carré de Malberg, one of France’s leading constitutional scholars, « the state is a community of men attached to a territory with an organization, from which results for the group engaged in relations with its members a supreme power of action and coercion.” More clearly, the state is the result of a population, a territory and a sovereignty. Population  First, the population consists of all the persons living in the territory of ... Read more

Pattern of Revenue Expenditure In India, government expenditure – as per the provision in the Constitution – is divided into revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. However, the adoption of economic planning shifted emphasize on the division of expenditure into Plan and Non-Plan. The share of Non-Plan expenditure has remained close to 70% and that of Plan at 30% all these years. The Planning Commission, in the 11th Plan (2007-12) document prepared in 2007, had proposed abolition of this “illogical and dysfunctional” distinction citing several issues (mentioned later in the article). A high-level committee on Efficient Management of Public Expenditure, was ... Read more

Eradication of Social and religious wrongs Social and Religious Issues Social issues (also social problem, social evil, and social conflict) refers to any undesirable condition that is opposed either by the whole society or by a section of the society. It is an unwanted social condition, often objectionable, the continuance of which is harmful for the society. India is facing a large number of social issues such as caste system, child labour, illiteracy, gender inequality, superstitions, religious conflicts, and many more. It is high time that the society gets relief from these undesirable social evils. Major Social Issues: Caste system ... Read more

Sociology- Meaning, Scope and nature, Importance of its study. Relation with other Social Sciences Sociology is a discipline in social sciences concerned with the human society and human social activities. It is one of the youngest social sciences. Auguste Comte, a French social thinker, is traditionally known as the ‘Father of Sociology’ as he coined the term ‘Sociology’ in 1839. Scope of Sociology Scope means the subject matter or the areas of study or the boundaries of a subject. What we have to study in a particular subject is known as its scope. Every science has its own field of ... Read more

Social Control and Social Change – Sources and agencies of Social Control, Processes and factors of Social Change Society is a collectivity of groups and individuals. It exists for the welfare and advancement of the whole. The mutuality, on which it depends, is possible to sustain by adjustment of varied and contradictory interests. The structure pattern continues to exist because of its inbuilt mechanism and sanction system. Social control which implies the social intercourse is regulated in accordance with established and recognised standards, is comprehensive, omnipotent and effective to stimulate order, discipline and mutuality; and to discourage, and if need ... Read more

Individual and Society – Social interactions, Status and role, Culture and Personality, Socialization Man is a social animal. He lives in social groups in communities and in society. Human life and society almost go together. Man cannot live without society. Man is biologically and psychologically equipped to live in groups, in society. Society has become an essential condition for human life to arise and to continue. The relationship between individual and society is ultimately one of the profound of all the problems of social philosophy. It is more philosophical rather than sociological because it involves the question of values. Man ... Read more

Lokpal and Redressel of Citizens grievances:- Introduction: The central theme of democracy is that the ruler is accountable to the rules of all sorts of activities and policies. This has arisen due to the fact that the modern states are populous. Because of this and other reasons the direct democracy of ancient Greek city-states or of the Rousseauist model is out of question. Direct democracy may be inapplicable. But people’s grievances against the ruler cannot be ignored.   This view has come from the basic idea that the ruler or authority must explain to the people for any failure or ... Read more

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT- DIRECTION (Communication,Supervision,Motivation,Leadership)   Directing is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspiring people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. It is the process of telling people what to do and seeing that they do it in the best possible manner.   Elements in Directing: The four essential elements in Directing are :   Communication Supervision Motivation Leadership     COMMUNICATION   Communication is a basic organisational function, which refers to the process by which a person (known as sender) transmits information or messages to another person (known as receiver). The purpose of communication in organisations is ... Read more