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Points to Remember: The historical context of the École Polytechnique. Its role in French scientific and military advancement. Its modern-day significance and evolution. The criticisms and controversies surrounding it. Introduction: The term “Polytechnique” most commonly refers to the École Polytechnique, a prestigious French grande école (higher education institution) located in Palaiseau, near Paris. Founded in … Read more

Points to Remember: Accessibility Flexibility Technology Integration Diverse Student Body Accreditation and Recognition Introduction: The concept of an “Open University” refers to a higher education institution that offers distance learning opportunities to a broad and diverse student population, often without traditional entry requirements. Unlike traditional universities with physical campuses and rigid schedules, open universities leverage … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Skilled Human Resource Characteristics of Skilled Human Resources Importance of Skilled Human Resources Development of Skilled Human Resources Challenges in Developing Skilled Human Resources Introduction: The term “skilled human resource” refers to individuals possessing specialized knowledge, abilities, and expertise in a particular field or occupation. They are not merely employees; … Read more

Points to Remember: Amnesty International’s mission and goals. Its methods of operation and impact. Criticisms and controversies surrounding the organization. Its global reach and influence. Introduction: Amnesty International (AI) is a global non-governmental organization (NGO) focused on human rights. Founded in 1961 by the British lawyer Peter Benenson, its stated mission is to “investigate and … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of a maiden over. Significance of a maiden over in cricket. Impact on the game’s strategy. Examples of bowlers known for their maiden overs. Introduction: In cricket, an over comprises six consecutive legal deliveries bowled by a single bowler from one end of the pitch. A “maiden over,” a crucial element … Read more

Points to Remember: The ICJ’s dual role: Contentious cases (disputes between states) and advisory opinions (on legal questions). The composition of the Court: 15 judges, representing diverse legal systems. The election process: Emphasis on geographical representation and legal expertise. The Court’s independence and impartiality. The limitations of the ICJ’s jurisdiction: State consent is crucial. Introduction: … Read more

Points to Remember: Composition of the Security Council (permanent and non-permanent members) Powers and responsibilities of the Security Council Decision-making process (veto power) Limitations and criticisms of the Security Council Introduction: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the UN. Established in 1945 with the signing of the … Read more

Points to Remember: Full form of SAARC. Member nations of SAARC. Introduction: The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization established to promote economic and social development in South Asia. Founded in 1985, it aims to improve the quality of life for the people of the region through cooperation in various … Read more

Points to Remember: Self-Help Groups (SHGs) as a tool for women’s empowerment. Economic impact of SHGs in Chhattisgarh. Social and psychological benefits for women. Challenges faced by SHGs in Chhattisgarh. Government support and future prospects. Introduction: Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are small, informal groups of women who come together to pool their savings and provide mutual … Read more

Points to Remember: Antyodaya Ann Yojana (AAY) aims to provide food security to the poorest of the poor. Its importance in Chhattisgarh lies in its impact on poverty reduction, nutritional security, and social inclusion. Challenges in implementation and potential improvements need consideration. Introduction: Antyodaya Ann Yojana (AAY), a flagship program of the Government of India, … Read more