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Points to Remember: Folkways are informal norms that guide everyday behavior. Violation results in mild social disapproval. Mores are norms that are considered essential for the well-being of society. Violation results in strong social disapproval and may involve formal sanctions. Both folkways and mores are unwritten rules that govern social behavior. The distinction lies in … Read more

Points to Remember: Primary groups are characterized by close, intimate, and personal relationships. They are crucial for socialization and personal development. Membership is typically involuntary and long-lasting. They exert strong influence on individual behavior and values. Examples include family, close friends, and peer groups. Introduction: The concept of a “primary group” is central to sociology, … Read more

Points to Remember: Religious tolerance is the acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices. It involves respecting the rights of individuals to practice their faith freely, without discrimination or coercion. Tolerance does not require agreement with other beliefs, but rather a commitment to peaceful coexistence. Promoting religious tolerance requires legal frameworks, educational initiatives, and interfaith … Read more

Points to Remember: Philosophy’s influence on shaping cultural values and beliefs. Culture’s impact on philosophical thought and its development. The reciprocal and dynamic relationship between philosophy and culture. Examples of how specific philosophical schools have shaped cultures and vice versa. Introduction: Philosophy, the love of wisdom, and culture, the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors … Read more

Points to Remember: Understanding the historical and legal context of Kritapranash and Akritabhyupagama. Differentiating between the two concepts and their implications. Analyzing the relevance of these concepts in contemporary legal systems. Introduction: Kritapranash (कृतप्रणाश) and Akritabhyupagama (अकृतभ्युपागम) are two crucial Sanskrit terms originating from ancient Hindu legal texts, particularly the Dharmashastras. They represent fundamental principles … Read more

Points to Remember: Darshan’s multifaceted meaning encompassing religious, social, and cultural aspects. Its significance in Hinduism and its extension to other faiths and contexts. The evolving nature of Darshan in modern India. Introduction: The term “Darshan” (दर्शन) in the Indian context holds deep cultural and religious significance, extending beyond its literal translation. While often translated … Read more

Points to Remember: Dharma’s multifaceted nature: encompassing righteousness, duty, cosmic order, and law. Diverse theories of Dharma’s origin: spanning theological, philosophical, and sociological perspectives. Importance of understanding Dharma’s context within different schools of Indian thought. Introduction: Dharma, a central concept in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, lacks a single, universally accepted definition. It transcends simple … Read more

Points to Remember: Yoga is a holistic practice encompassing physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation. It has multiple stages, progressing from foundational practices to advanced techniques. Benefits include physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual growth. Introduction: The term “Yoga” originates from the Sanskrit root “yuj,” meaning “to unite” or “to yoke.” It’s not merely a … Read more

Points to Remember: Chhattisgarh’s rich cultural heritage is reflected in its diverse festivals. These festivals are deeply intertwined with agriculture, nature worship, and tribal traditions. Understanding these festivals provides insight into the state’s social fabric and beliefs. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, boasts a vibrant tapestry of cultures, significantly influenced by its tribal … Read more

Points to Remember: Rich diversity in tribal art forms across Chhattisgarh. Strong connection between art and daily life, rituals, and beliefs. Use of natural materials and traditional techniques. Facing challenges of commercialization and preservation. Importance of promoting and preserving tribal art for cultural heritage. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, boasts a vibrant tapestry … Read more