CGPSC MAINS 2017 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Increased access to information and communication. Improved agricultural practices and market access. Enhanced healthcare and education services. Bridging the digital divide and promoting financial inclusion. Challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy. Introduction: India’s rural landscape, encompassing a significant portion of its population, faces numerous developmental challenges. Bridging the gap between rural and … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Methods of genetic modification Advantages of GMOs (increased yield, improved nutritional value, pest resistance, herbicide tolerance) Disadvantages of GMOs (potential environmental risks, health concerns, economic impacts, ethical considerations) Global perspectives on GMO regulation and acceptance Introduction: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has … Read more

Points to Remember: Nuclear power generation relies on nuclear fission to produce heat, which generates electricity. Advantages include low greenhouse gas emissions and high power output. Disadvantages include risks of accidents, nuclear waste disposal, and proliferation concerns. Introduction: Nuclear power generation is a method of electricity production that utilizes the energy released from nuclear fission … Read more

Points to Remember: The interconnectedness of environmental factors and human health. The disproportionate impact of environmental degradation on vulnerable populations. The need for preventative measures and sustainable practices. The role of policy and individual responsibility. Introduction: The relationship between environment and human health is profoundly intertwined. A healthy environment is fundamental to human well-being, providing … Read more

Points to Remember: Digestion is the process of breaking down food into absorbable nutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are digested by different enzymes in different parts of the alimentary canal. Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the small intestine. Introduction: Digestion is the complex process by which the human body breaks down food into smaller … Read more

Points to Remember: DNA’s double helix structure DNA’s role in heredity and protein synthesis DNA’s significance in various fields (medicine, forensics, biotechnology) Potential ethical considerations related to DNA manipulation. Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the fundamental building block of life, a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of … Read more

Points to Remember: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a versatile carboxylic acid. Conversion involves understanding functional group transformations. Different reagents and reaction conditions are needed for each product. Introduction: Acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, is a simple carboxylic acid with a wide range of applications. Its conversion into other compounds involves manipulating its carboxyl … Read more

Points to Remember: CREDA’s full form and its parent organization. CREDA’s primary functions and objectives. Key areas of CREDA’s operations. The impact and effectiveness of CREDA’s initiatives. Introduction: CREDA stands for the Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited. It is a credit rating agency (CRA) established in India. While there isn’t a single, universally … Read more

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Points to Remember: Habitat loss and degradation Climate change Invasive species Overexploitation Pollution Introduction: Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, is facing an unprecedented crisis. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2019) starkly … Read more