CGPSC MAINS 2018 Paper-6

Points to Remember: Sankhya’s dualistic worldview. Prakriti (unmanifested nature) and Purusha (conscious self). Three Gunas (qualities) of Prakriti: Sattva, Rajas, Tamas. Evolution of the universe from Prakriti. Liberation through discrimination between Purusha and Prakriti. Introduction: Sankhya, one of the oldest philosophical schools of Indian thought, offers a comprehensive theory of causation rooted in a dualistic … Read more

Points to Remember: Spinoza’s rejection of traditional theism. The identification of God with Nature. The concept of substance monism. Spinoza’s ethical implications of Pantheism. Criticisms and interpretations of Spinoza’s Pantheism. Introduction: Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), a prominent 17th-century Dutch philosopher, radically redefined the concept of God, departing significantly from traditional theistic views. His philosophy, often labeled … Read more

Points to Remember: Dr. Ambedkar’s concept of equality encompassed social, economic, and political dimensions. He advocated for annihilation of caste and dismantling of discriminatory social structures. He emphasized the importance of constitutional guarantees and legal frameworks to achieve equality. His vision extended beyond mere formal equality to substantive equality, ensuring equal opportunities and outcomes. He … Read more

Points to Remember: Primary Socialization: Family, early childhood experiences. Secondary Socialization: School, peers, media, etc. Tertiary Socialization: Adult roles, ongoing learning and adaptation. Agents of Socialization: The individuals, groups, and institutions that influence socialization. Lifelong Process: Socialization is not a one-time event but a continuous process. Introduction: Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals … Read more

Points to Remember: Geological significance of Kotumsar Cave. Unique biodiversity within the cave. Tourism potential and challenges. Conservation efforts and future prospects. Introduction: Kotumsar Cave, located in Kanger Valley National Park in Chhattisgarh, India, is renowned for its exceptional geological formations and rich biodiversity. Unlike many caves formed through water erosion, Kotumsar’s formation is primarily … Read more

Points to Remember: Legal definitions are crucial for differentiating Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). Historical context and social realities shape the distinct identities and challenges faced by both groups. Constitutional provisions and government policies aim to address their specific needs, though implementation varies. Overlapping identities and regional variations exist. Introduction: The terms “Scheduled … Read more

Points to Remember: Key Actors: Various tribal groups in Chhattisgarh (e.g., Gond, Oraon, Korku). Key Issues: Land rights, forest rights, displacement due to development projects, exploitation, marginalization. Methods of Protest: Peaceful protests, agitations, legal battles. Government Response: Varying responses, ranging from repression to attempts at reconciliation and empowerment. Impact: Influence on state politics, awareness of … Read more

Points to Remember: Origin and geographical location of Gammat. Key characteristics of Gammat performances (music, dance, costumes, themes). Social and cultural significance of Gammat. Current status and challenges faced by Gammat. Efforts for preservation and promotion of Gammat. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, boasts a rich tapestry of folk traditions, with its folk … Read more

Points to Remember: Historical significance of Sirpur as a major ancient city. Architectural marvels and their significance. Religious and cultural importance. Archaeological findings and their contribution to understanding the past. Current status and efforts for preservation and tourism. Introduction: Sirpur, located in the Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh, India, is a site of immense historical and … Read more

Points to Remember: Corruption is a multifaceted issue with diverse root causes. Understanding these causes is crucial for effective anti-corruption strategies. Both systemic and individual factors contribute to corruption. Addressing corruption requires a multi-pronged approach. Introduction: Corruption, broadly defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, is a pervasive global problem. It undermines … Read more