CGPSC MAINS 2019 Paper-3

Points to Remember: Dates and locations of the Buddhist Councils. Key figures involved in each council. Main objectives and outcomes of each council. Significance of each council in shaping Buddhist doctrines and practices. Challenges and controversies surrounding the councils. Introduction: The Mahaparinirvana of Gautama Buddha, traditionally dated around 483 BCE, marked a pivotal moment in … Read more

Points to Remember: Economic mismanagement: The token currency was a major factor in the economic instability of the Sultanate. Lack of public trust: The new currency lacked credibility and public acceptance. Logistical challenges: Implementing and managing the new system proved incredibly difficult. Administrative inefficiency: Corruption and lack of coordination hampered the success of the reform. … Read more

Points to Remember: Internal conflicts and succession disputes weakened the empire. The Battle of Talikota proved a decisive turning point, leading to the empire’s fragmentation. Introduction: The Vijayanagara Empire, flourishing in South India from the 14th to the 16th centuries, was a remarkable power known for its impressive architecture, sophisticated administration, and vibrant cultural life. … Read more

Points to Remember: Social Reform: The primary aim was social reform, particularly targeting caste discrimination and untouchability. Education and Empowerment: Providing education and empowering the marginalized communities was a key objective. Religious and Social Equality: Promoting religious and social equality among all castes and communities. Self-Respect and Dignity: Instilling self-respect and dignity among the oppressed … Read more

Points to Remember: Significance of Kalibanga in Indus Valley Civilization studies. Types of evidence found (architecture, artifacts, burials). Interpretation of the evidence and its implications. Limitations of the evidence and ongoing research. Introduction: Kalibanga, located in Rajasthan, India, is a significant archaeological site providing crucial insights into the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as … Read more