CGPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-3

Points to Remember: The impact of the First Factories Act, 1881, on child labor. Improvements in working conditions brought about by the Act. Limitations and shortcomings of the Act. The Act’s significance as a starting point for labor legislation in India. Introduction: The First Factories Act of 1881 marked a pivotal moment in India’s industrial … Read more

Points to Remember: Key players: The Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao I, Mahadji Shinde, and the British East India Company. Main objective: To secure peace and prevent further conflict between the Marathas and the British. Key provisions: Mutual recognition of territories, cessation of hostilities, and agreements on trade and territorial boundaries. Outcome: A temporary peace, but ultimately … Read more

Points to Remember: The Mountbatten Plan’s primary goal was the peaceful transfer of power from British rule to Indian independence. It involved the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. The plan faced significant challenges and resulted in widespread violence. Its legacy continues to shape the relationship between India and Pakistan. Introduction: The Mountbatten … Read more

Points to Remember: Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty. This right is not absolute and can be subject to reasonable restrictions. Several Supreme Court judgments have shaped the interpretation and scope of this fundamental right. The right encompasses various aspects beyond mere physical existence. Introduction: The Indian … Read more

Points to Remember: The 74th Amendment Act, 1992, introduced a three-tiered system of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) at the village, intermediate, and district levels. Similarly, it established a three-tiered system of urban local government (ULGs) – Municipalities. The amendment aimed to empower local governments and enhance their functional autonomy. The amendment mandates the constitution of … Read more

Points to Remember: The Vedic Vidatha was a crucial assembly for political and social decision-making. It fostered participatory governance and community engagement. Its decline marked a shift towards more centralized power structures. Understanding the Vidatha offers insights into ancient Indian governance and social organization. Introduction: The Vedic period (c. 1500-500 BCE) in ancient India witnessed … Read more

Points to Remember: Origin and historical context of the Devdasi system. Religious and social justification used to legitimize the practice. Exploitation and abuse faced by Devadasis. Legal efforts to abolish the system. Contemporary challenges and lingering effects. Introduction: The Devdasi system, a deeply entrenched socio-religious practice prevalent in several parts of India, particularly in South … Read more

Points to Remember: Ratnaraj I’s reign and its approximate timeframe. His significant achievements in administration, infrastructure, and possibly religious patronage. The sources used to understand his reign (inscriptions, literary works, archaeological findings). The limitations of our knowledge due to the scarcity of available sources. Introduction: Ratnaraj I was a prominent king of the Kalchuri dynasty, … Read more

Points to Remember: Limited direct impact due to Chhattisgarh’s geographical location and administrative structure at the time. Primarily affected through indirect influence from neighboring provinces. Focus on the movement’s impact on the tribal population and its limited success. The role of local leaders and the overall socio-political context of the region. Introduction: The Non-Cooperation Movement … Read more

Points to Remember: Copper plates as primary historical sources. Rajarshitulya Kul dynasty’s origins, reign, and administration. Geographical extent and socio-economic conditions during their rule. Epigraphic evidence and its interpretation. Introduction: The Rajarshitulya Kul dynasty remains a relatively obscure chapter in Indian history, with much of our knowledge derived from limited epigraphic evidence. Copper plates, particularly … Read more