CGPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-4

Points to Remember: The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure extending from the brainstem. It’s the main pathway for information between the brain and the body. The nervous system comprises the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), with the spinal cord being a crucial part of the CNS. Major components include … Read more

Points to Remember: Legal Status: Differing legal protection and management frameworks. Human Activities: Varying levels of permitted human activities. Primary Goal: Different primary conservation objectives. Management Authority: Often managed by different agencies or departments. Introduction: National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are both protected areas established to conserve biodiversity and natural resources. However, they differ significantly … Read more

Points to Remember: CNG’s composition and properties. Advantages of CNG as a fuel. Disadvantages and challenges of CNG adoption. Environmental impact of CNG compared to other fuels. Policy implications and future prospects of CNG. Introduction: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a fuel composed primarily of methane, which is extracted from natural gas reserves. It’s stored … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and classification of alcohols. Grignard reagent’s role in alcohol synthesis. Chemical reactions for preparing primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using Grignard reagents. Mechanisms involved in each reaction. Introduction: Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a saturated carbon atom (sp3 hybridized). They are … Read more

Points to Remember: The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when light hits a material. Solar cells utilize this effect to convert sunlight into electricity. Efficiency of solar cells depends on factors like material selection and design. Limitations include cost, efficiency, and environmental impact of manufacturing. Introduction: The photoelectric effect, a phenomenon discovered by … Read more

Points to Remember: This is a problem involving relative speed in the context of a boat moving in a stream. We need to find the speed of the stream, given the time taken to travel downstream and upstream. The solution involves setting up and solving simultaneous equations. Introduction: This question is a classic example of … Read more

Points to Remember: Understanding clockwise and anticlockwise rotations. Calculating angles based on a 360° circle. Visualizing the directions. Introduction: This question involves basic geometry and spatial reasoning. It tests the understanding of angles and directions, specifically clockwise and anticlockwise rotations. We will use a 360-degree circle as a reference point to determine Rishabh’s final facing … Read more

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Points to Remember: Definition of Biodiversity Hotspots Criteria for Hotspot Designation: Endemism and Threat Examples of Biodiversity Hotspots Importance of Conservation Efforts Introduction: Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, is crucial for the planet’s health and human well-being. However, this biodiversity is unevenly distributed across … Read more