CGPSC MAINS 2023 Paper-3

Points to Remember: Bounded rationality acknowledges the limitations of human decision-making. It contrasts with perfect rationality, which assumes unlimited information processing capacity. Satisficing, heuristics, and biases are key aspects of bounded rationality. Understanding bounded rationality is crucial in various fields, including economics, psychology, and political science. Introduction: The concept of “bounded rationality” challenges the traditional … Read more

Points to Remember: Citizen participation and responsiveness Equity and social justice Decentralization and empowerment Accountability and transparency Effectiveness and efficiency Introduction: New Public Administration (NPA), emerging in the 1960s and 70s, represented a significant shift from traditional public administration. Traditional approaches emphasized hierarchical structures, efficiency, and neutrality. NPA, however, challenged this paradigm, advocating for a … Read more

Points to Remember: The five great vows (Pancha Mahavrata) are the core principles of Jainism. These vows are progressively stricter, aiming for complete non-violence and liberation. The vows are not merely rules but a path towards self-purification and spiritual growth. Introduction: Jainism, an ancient Indian religion, emphasizes non-violence (ahimsa) as its paramount principle. This principle … Read more

Points to Remember: Location: Primarily Southern India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala) Key Features: Vimana (tower), Gopuram (gateway tower), Mandapas (halls), extensive sculptural decoration, intricate carvings, use of granite. Religious Significance: Dedicated to Hindu deities, particularly Vishnu, Shiva, and Shakti. Evolution: Developed over centuries, reflecting changing religious and social contexts. Introduction: Dravidian architecture, a … Read more

Points to Remember: Razia Sultana’s rule as the first and only female Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Challenges faced due to patriarchal societal norms and opposition from the nobility. Her administrative and military achievements despite adversity. Her eventual downfall and its implications. Introduction: The Delhi Sultanate period (1206-1526 CE) in India witnessed the rise … Read more

Points to Remember: Jats: Their origins, social structure, and agricultural background. Mughal rule: The nature of Mughal administration and its impact on Jats. Causes of the Jat revolts: Economic exploitation, religious discrimination, and political oppression. Key figures and events: Notable Jat leaders and significant uprisings. Legacy: The long-term consequences of the Jat revolts. Introduction: The … Read more

Points to Remember: Origin of the quote “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” Meaning and interpretation of the axiom Relevance and application in modern context Introduction: The famous Sanskrit phrase “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” translates to “The world is one family.” This ancient axiom, deeply rooted in Indian philosophy and spirituality, encapsulates a vision of universal brotherhood and interconnectedness. While its … Read more

Points to Remember: Neolithic Age in Chhattisgarh Archaeological sites in Chhattisgarh Significance of Neolithic findings Introduction: The Neolithic Age, also known as the New Stone Age, marks a significant period in human history characterized by the development of agriculture, settled village life, and the use of polished stone tools. While the Neolithic period is well-documented … Read more

Points to Remember: Chronological Development: Trace the evolution of understanding of the site from initial discovery to current interpretations. Cultural Significance: Highlight the societal structures, religious practices, and technological advancements revealed by the site. Comparative Analysis: Compare the findings with other contemporary sites to establish its unique contribution to understanding the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). … Read more