CGPSC MAINS 2023 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Percentage calculation Valid vs. Invalid votes Vote distribution between candidates Introduction: This question involves a basic percentage calculation applied to an election scenario. Understanding the difference between total votes cast and valid votes is crucial. The problem provides the percentage of valid votes received by candidate A (60%) and the percentage of … Read more

Points to Remember: Six family members (A, B, C, D, E, F) have different professions (Doctor, Lawyer, Teacher, Engineer, Nurse, Manager) and stay home on different weekdays (Monday-Saturday). Deductive reasoning is required to solve this logic puzzle. Introduction: This question is a logic puzzle requiring deductive reasoning to determine the profession and stay-at-home day for … Read more

Points to Remember: Vedic Mathematics offers a unique method for squaring numbers, particularly efficient for numbers close to a base (like 10, 100, 1000, etc.). The method relies on understanding the relationship between the number and its nearest base. The process involves simple addition and subtraction, making it faster than traditional multiplication. Introduction: Vedic Mathematics, … Read more

Points to Remember: The number 1729’s significance in mathematics, particularly its connection to Ramanujan. The concept of “taxicab numbers” and their mathematical properties. Ramanujan’s contribution to the understanding and appreciation of 1729. The broader implications of this anecdote for mathematical discovery and intuition. Introduction: The number 1729 holds a unique place in the history of … Read more

Points to Remember: The question requires the identification of three books authored by Varahamihira. The approach is purely factual. Introduction: Varahamihira (c. 505 – 587 CE) was a renowned Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer during the Gupta Empire. He is best known for his encyclopedic work, Brhat Samhita, a compendium of knowledge encompassing various fields. … Read more

Points to Remember: Liver’s role in bile production and excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, and drugs. Lungs’ role in excreting carbon dioxide and water vapor. Skin’s role in sweating and excretion of salts, urea, and water. Excretion’s importance in maintaining homeostasis. Introduction: Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products and other non-useful materials are … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and scope of sustainable agriculture. Environmental benefits (reduced pollution, biodiversity conservation). Economic benefits (increased profitability, market access). Social benefits (improved livelihoods, food security). Challenges in implementing sustainable agriculture. Policy recommendations and best practices. Introduction: Sustainable agriculture is farming that meets society’s present food and textile needs without compromising the ability of … Read more

Points to Remember: Industrial preparation of acetic acid involves the carbonylation of methanol. Acetic acid can be converted to various derivatives through esterification, dehydration, and reaction with thionyl chloride and ammonia. Each conversion involves specific reaction conditions and mechanisms. Introduction: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), also known as ethanoic acid, is a ubiquitous carboxylic acid with diverse … Read more

Points to Remember: Resistors in parallel offer multiple paths for current flow. The equivalent resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistance. The reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances. Introduction: Electrical circuits frequently utilize resistors to control the flow of current. Resistors can be connected in … Read more

Points to Remember: Arithmetic mean calculation involves summing the products of midpoints and frequencies. The missing frequency can be found by setting up an equation using the given mean. Accurate midpoint calculation is crucial for correct mean calculation. Introduction: This question requires a factual and analytical approach to determine a missing frequency in a frequency … Read more