Economy

The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), since its inception in 1950, does the measurement of employment/unemployment in India. The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) provides three different estimates of employment and unemployment based on different approaches used to classify an individual’s activity status. These are : Usual status approach with a reference period of 365 … Read more

Withholding tax: A tax imposed on the income on a foreign portfolio (investments). This tax is imposed to discourage foreign investments, to encourage domestic investment, and to raise money for the government.   Venture capital: Generally, a private equity capital which lends capital to the entrepreneurs who are innovative and cannot get the required fund … Read more

Recapitalisation plan is a mechanism to deal with the problems of NPA in the financial institutions. It is one of the four R’s to address the issue of NPA’s.  In Oct,17 Centre has announced a 2.11 lakh crore recapitalisation plan for the public sector banks over the next two years. The recapitalisation plan is a … Read more

  Changes in the Income tax act: one of the condition for resident of India was leading to creation of shell companies i.e. during a financial year, a company shall have management of its affairs wholly in India. This provision was leading to creation of shell companies.   Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) and Central … Read more

Inflation is the general increase in the price level. This increase in the price level reduce the purchasing power and the disposable income. This decrease hurts the poor most. There are various ways to control inflation. Some of them are as follows:   Credit Control: Central bank (RBI in India) can control the money flow … Read more

Gender budgeting entails the dissection of government budget to establish its gender differential impacts and to ensure that gender commitments are translated in to budgetary commitments. Gender Budgeting is a powerful tool for achieving gender mainstreaming so as to ensure that benefits of development reach women as much as men. It was adopted in 2005. … Read more

The GDP deflator, also called implicit price deflator, is a measure of inflation. It is the ratio of the value of goods and services an economy produces in a particular year at current prices to that of prices that prevailed during the base year. This ratio helps show the extent to which the increase in … Read more

Financial inclusion refers to delivery of financial services, including banking services and credit, at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low-income groups who tend to be excluding.   Financial inclusion can lead to inclusive growth in following ways:   Formalization of economy:    A well spread out financial system engenders economic … Read more

Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA) is a joint venture of MHRD Government of India and Canara Bank for financing creation of capital assets in premier educational institutions in India as part of rising 2022 HEFA’s scope is greatly expanded to cover school education, educational institutes under Ministry of health etc.HEFA is registered under Section 8 … Read more

A public-private partnership (P3) is a contractual arrangement between a public agency and a private sector entity, typically of a long term nature. Through this agreement, the skills and assets of each sector (public and private) are shared in delivering a service or facility for the use of the general public. In addition to the … Read more