Points to Remember:
- Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh’s bio-resource reserves.
- Geographical area (in km²) of each reserve.
- Description of each reserve’s significance.
Introduction:
Bio-resource reserves are protected areas designated to conserve biodiversity, including flora, fauna, and genetic resources. They play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting sustainable development. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, states in central India known for their rich biodiversity, boast several such reserves. This response will describe two recognized bio-resource reserves from each state, providing their approximate geographical areas. Precise figures can vary slightly depending on the source and boundary adjustments, so approximate values will be presented.
Body:
Madhya Pradesh:
1. Kanha National Park:
- Approximate Geographical Area: 940 km² (core area) + surrounding buffer zones significantly increase the total protected area.
- Description: Kanha is renowned globally for its tiger population and is a crucial part of the Central India Tiger Landscape. It’s also significant for its diverse flora and fauna, including barasingha (swamp deer), which was once critically endangered but has seen a recovery within the park. The park’s landscape features sal forests, grasslands, and streams, creating a rich habitat. Kanha’s conservation efforts have been widely studied and lauded as a successful example of tiger conservation.
2. Bandhavgarh National Park:
- Approximate Geographical Area: 1050 km² (including buffer zones). The core area is smaller.
- Description: Bandhavgarh is another prominent tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh, known for its high density of tigers. Its landscape is characterized by dense sal forests, making it an ideal habitat for tigers and other wildlife. The park’s history is intertwined with the region’s rich cultural heritage, with ancient forts and temples situated within or near its boundaries. Bandhavgarh’s success in tiger conservation is attributed to effective anti-poaching measures and community involvement.
Chhattisgarh:
1. Indravati National Park:
- Approximate Geographical Area: 1258 km²
- Description: Located in the Bastar region, Indravati National Park is known for its diverse flora and fauna, including the endangered Indian bison (gaur) and several species of birds. The park is characterized by dense forests, waterfalls, and the Indravati River, creating a unique ecosystem. It plays a vital role in protecting the biodiversity of the Eastern Ghats. The park’s remote location contributes to its relatively pristine condition.
2. Kanger Valley National Park:
- Approximate Geographical Area: 200 km² (core area) + buffer zones.
- Description: Kanger Valley National Park is famous for its unique geological formations, including the Kutumsar Caves, and its diverse flora and fauna. It features a variety of habitats, including dense forests, caves, and waterfalls. The park is home to several endemic and endangered species. The conservation efforts in Kanger Valley focus on protecting its unique geological features and biodiversity.
Conclusion:
The four bio-resource reserves discussed â Kanha and Bandhavgarh in Madhya Pradesh, and Indravati and Kanger Valley in Chhattisgarh â represent significant efforts in conserving India’s rich biodiversity. These reserves not only protect endangered species but also contribute to the ecological balance of the region. Their success is largely dependent on continued investment in anti-poaching measures, community participation, and sustainable tourism practices. Further research and monitoring are crucial to ensure the long-term viability of these reserves and the preservation of their unique biodiversity for future generations. A holistic approach, integrating conservation with local community development, is essential for the sustainable management of these vital ecosystems.