Zero-Based Budgeting – ZBB
This is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each financial year. The process of this budgeting starts from a “zero base,” on every financial year. Every function within the ministry or department is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budget allocations are then made according to the need of ensuing financial year.
Outcome Budget
The Outcome Budget is a progress card on what various Ministries and Departments have done with the budget allocation in the previous budget. Outcome based budgeting is a practice of suggesting and listing of estimated outcomes of each programmes or schemes designed.
Gender Budget
A Gender Budget or Gender-Responsive Budget is a budget allocation that considers the gender patterns in the society and allocates the resources to implement policies and programs to help moving society towards a more gender equal society. Gender Budget disaggregates the mainstream budget according to its impacts on women and men. It visualizes the process of conceiving, planning, approving, executing, monitoring, analyzing and auditing budgets in a gender-sensitive way.
Performance Budgeting
Performance Budgeting also known as Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) is an attempt to integrate budgeting with overall planning of the country as a whole. It tries to make the planning, execution, and evaluation of government policies in a more systematic manner. The centre for PPBS is the budget; the methods used are planning and decision-making. The purpose of this budget is for ensuring a more viable economy and improved coordination among various sectors.