CGPSC MAINS 2019 Paper-5

Points to Remember: Monetary policy is a tool used by central banks to manage the money supply and credit conditions to achieve macroeconomic objectives. Major instruments include interest rate manipulation, reserve requirements, open market operations, and quantitative easing. Each instrument has its strengths and weaknesses, and their effectiveness depends on various economic factors. Introduction: Monetary … Read more

Points to Remember: Types of agricultural cooperatives in Chhattisgarh. Membership and governance structures. Services provided by cooperatives. Successes and challenges faced by cooperatives. Government support and policies. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state rich in agricultural resources, relies heavily on its agricultural sector for its economy and livelihoods. Cooperative societies play a crucial role in supporting this … Read more

Points to Remember: Main Tribal Communities of Chhattisgarh Special Primitive Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Chhattisgarh Characteristics and challenges faced by PVTGs Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, is known for its rich tribal diversity. A significant portion of its population comprises various tribal communities, contributing significantly to the state’s cultural heritage and demographic landscape. … Read more

Points to Remember: Key industrial sectors in Chhattisgarh. Location and characteristics of major industrial centers and parks. Infrastructure and challenges faced by these industrial areas. Government initiatives to promote industrial development. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, is rich in natural resources, particularly minerals like coal, iron ore, and bauxite. This resource endowment has … Read more

Points to Remember: Geographical location: Chhattisgarh’s mineral resources and their impact on the aluminium industry. Raw materials: Bauxite availability and its role in the industry’s growth. Production process: Stages involved in aluminium production, from bauxite mining to finished products. Infrastructure: Transportation, power, and other infrastructural needs of the industry. Economic impact: Employment generation, revenue generation, … Read more

Points to Remember: Major soil types of Chhattisgarh: Vertisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, Entisols. Kanhar soil characteristics: Clayey texture, high water retention, fertility issues. Importance of soil conservation in Chhattisgarh. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, is characterized by diverse topography and climate, leading to a variety of soil types. Understanding these soils is crucial for … Read more

Points to Remember: Location of Indravati River Notable waterfalls along its course Geological factors contributing to waterfall formation Ecological significance of the waterfalls and surrounding areas Tourism and conservation challenges Introduction: The Indravati River, a major tributary of the Godavari River, flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha in eastern India. Known for its … Read more

Points to Remember: Peninsular Upland’s varied geological formations. Major physiographic divisions: Deccan Plateau, Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, and coastal plains. Impact of geological history on the landscape. Influence on climate and drainage patterns. Introduction: The Peninsular Upland, a significant geographical feature of the Indian subcontinent, constitutes a large part of India’s southern and central regions. … Read more

Points to Remember: India’s abundant sunshine Technological advancements in solar energy Government policies and initiatives Challenges and limitations Economic and environmental benefits Introduction: India, a country blessed with abundant sunshine, possesses immense potential for harnessing solar energy. The country receives an average of 300 sunny days annually, making it ideally suited for large-scale solar power … Read more

Points to Remember: Government of India’s policies and initiatives promoting renewable energy. Financial incentives and regulatory frameworks. Challenges and future prospects of renewable energy in India. International collaborations and technological advancements. Introduction: India, with its vast population and rapidly growing energy demands, faces the dual challenge of ensuring energy security and mitigating climate change. The … Read more