CGPSC MAINS 2023 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Definition of wildlife and its importance. Major threats to wildlife: habitat loss, poaching, climate change, pollution, invasive species. Conservation strategies: protected areas, anti-poaching measures, sustainable development, community involvement, international cooperation. Introduction: Wildlife encompasses all non-domesticated plants, animals, and other organisms in a natural environment. It plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Soil Pollution: Degradation of soil quality due to the presence of harmful chemicals or substances. Main Causes: Industrial waste, agricultural practices, mining activities, sewage sludge, and improper waste disposal. Control Measures: Sustainable agricultural practices, proper waste management, industrial regulations, phytoremediation, bioremediation. Introduction: Soil, the uppermost layer of the Earth’s crust, … Read more

Points to Remember: This is a ratio and proportion problem. We need to find a common ratio between A, B, and C to determine their individual shares. The total amount is ₹4700. Introduction: This question involves the concept of ratio and proportion, a fundamental aspect of mathematics used to compare quantities. We are given the … Read more

Points to Remember: Intrinsic semiconductors: Pure semiconductors with no significant dopant atoms. Extrinsic semiconductors: Impurity-doped semiconductors (n-type and p-type). N-type semiconductors: Majority charge carriers are electrons (due to donor impurities). P-type semiconductors: Majority charge carriers are holes (due to acceptor impurities). P-N junction: Formed by joining p-type and n-type semiconductors, creating a depletion region and … Read more

Points to Remember: Nephron structure: Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule), renal tubule (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct). Urine formation: Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion. Importance of each process in maintaining homeostasis. Introduction: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing … Read more

Points to Remember: Probability of A speaking the truth: 60% (P(A) = 0.6) Probability of A lying: 40% (1 – P(A) = 0.4) Probability of B speaking the truth: 75% (P(B) = 0.75) Probability of B lying: 25% (1 – P(B) = 0.25) We need to find the probability that A and B contradict each … Read more

Points to Remember: Modem: Modulates/demodulates signals. NIC: Network Interface Card; connects devices to a network. RJ45: Connector for wired Ethernet networks. Repeater: Extends network range by amplifying signals. Hub: Connects multiple devices on a network; broadcasts data. Switch: Connects multiple devices; forwards data only to intended recipient. Router: Directs network traffic between networks. Gateway: Connects … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and types of radioactive waste and e-waste. Sources and generation of both waste types. Environmental and health impacts. Management and disposal strategies. International and national regulations. Introduction: The generation of waste is an inevitable consequence of human activity. While much waste is biodegradable or recyclable, some poses significant environmental and health … Read more

Points to Remember: Bt cotton and Bt brinjal are genetically modified (GM) crops. Their main advantage is pest resistance, leading to increased yields and reduced pesticide use. Disadvantages include potential environmental risks, economic concerns for farmers, and health uncertainties. Introduction: Bt cotton and Bt brinjal are genetically modified (GM) crops engineered to produce insecticidal proteins … Read more

Please provide the pie charts. I need the visual data from the pie charts to answer the question about male and female population distributions across the seven states. Once you provide the charts, I will follow the requested structure to give a complete and thorough answer.