CGPSC MAINS 2017 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries. Timely treatment is crucial to minimize damage and improve survival rates. Treatment involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle and managing complications. Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, occurs when blood flow … Read more

Points to Remember: Blood coagulation is a complex process. It involves multiple factors and pathways. The goal is to stop bleeding and maintain hemostasis. Dysregulation can lead to thrombosis or bleeding disorders. Introduction: Blood coagulation, or clotting, is a vital physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding following vascular injury. It’s a cascade of enzymatic reactions … Read more

Points to Remember: LED and LCD are both display technologies used in screens. LEDs are light sources, while LCDs are light modulators. LED TVs generally offer better picture quality, higher contrast ratios, and better energy efficiency than LCD TVs. Introduction: Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are ubiquitous in modern electronics, from … Read more

Points to Remember: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system. Software refers to the programs and data that instruct the hardware. Both hardware and software are essential for a computer system to function. Advances in both hardware and software drive technological progress. Introduction: A computer system, the backbone of modern technology, comprises … Read more

Points to Remember: Sources of radioactive pollution Types of radioactive pollution Effects of radioactive pollution on human health and the environment Mitigation and remediation strategies Introduction: Radioactive pollution refers to the contamination of the environment with radioactive substances, exceeding naturally occurring background levels. These substances emit ionizing radiation, which can damage living cells and DNA. … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and chemical composition of soaps and detergents. Different types of detergents and their applications. Comparison of cleansing action of soaps and detergents. Advantages and disadvantages of both. Introduction: Soaps and detergents are both cleaning agents used to remove dirt, grease, and other impurities from surfaces. However, they differ significantly in their … Read more

Points to Remember: Chemical formula of Plaster of Paris (POP) Preparation method of POP Uses of POP Setting properties of POP Introduction: Plaster of Paris (POP), a widely used material in construction, sculpture, and medicine, is a hemihydrate of calcium sulfate. Its chemical formula is CaSO₄·½H₂O. It’s derived from gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), a naturally occurring mineral. … Read more

Points to Remember: Types of magnets: Permanent, temporary, and electromagnets. Mechanism of magnetization for each type. Applications of each type of magnet. Advantages and disadvantages of each type. Introduction: Magnetism, a fundamental force of nature, is responsible for the attraction or repulsion between materials. This phenomenon is harnessed through various types of magnets, each with … Read more

Points to Remember: National Security Scientific Advancement Economic Growth International Collaboration Societal Benefit Introduction: The Indian Space Programme (ISP), spearheaded by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is a multifaceted endeavor with objectives extending far beyond simply launching satellites. Since its inception, the ISP has aimed to leverage space technology for national development, scientific exploration, … Read more

Points to Remember: Earthquakes are sudden, violent shaking of the ground. They are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. Earthquakes can cause significant damage and loss of life. Predicting earthquakes accurately is currently impossible. Mitigation and preparedness are crucial. Introduction: An earthquake is a sudden tremor or shaking of the earth’s surface caused by … Read more