CGPSC MAINS 2018 Paper-6

Points to Remember: Yoga’s meaning encompasses physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation. Its object is holistic well-being – physical, mental, and spiritual. Different schools of Yoga emphasize various aspects. Yoga’s benefits are widely recognized and scientifically studied. Introduction: Yoga, derived from the Sanskrit word “yuj,” meaning “to unite” or “to yoke,” is an ancient Indian … Read more

Points to Remember: Spinoza’s concept of substance is monistic. Substance is self-caused and independent. Attributes are the ways we perceive substance. Modes are modifications of substance. Understanding substance is key to understanding Spinoza’s philosophy. Introduction: Baruch Spinoza, a 17th-century Dutch philosopher, radically redefined the concept of “substance” in metaphysics. Departing from traditional dualistic views (like … Read more

Points to Remember: Dharma’s multifaceted nature encompassing righteousness, duty, cosmic order, and law. Its variations across different schools of thought (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism). Dharma’s significance in individual and societal well-being. The evolving interpretation of Dharma in modern India. Introduction: The term ‘Dharma’ holds profound significance in the Indian context, transcending simple definition. It’s a … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of a whistleblower. Legal protections afforded to whistleblowers. Challenges faced by whistleblowers. Importance of whistleblowing for societal good. Ethical considerations surrounding whistleblowing. Introduction: A whistleblower is an individual who exposes wrongdoing within an organization or government to the public or to an authority. This wrongdoing can range from minor infractions to … Read more

Points to Remember: RTA stands for Road Traffic Authority or Road Transport Authority, depending on the context. Its functions vary by location. RTAs are governmental bodies responsible for regulating road transport. Key functions include licensing, vehicle registration, and enforcement of traffic laws. Introduction: The acronym “RTA” commonly refers to a Road Traffic Authority or a … Read more

Points to Remember: Sthitapragnya is a state of unwavering equilibrium and wisdom. It’s characterized by detachment from worldly outcomes while remaining engaged in action. Achieving Sthitapragnya requires self-awareness, control of the senses, and unwavering faith. It’s the ultimate goal of the yogic path described in the Bhagavad Gita. Introduction: The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu … Read more

Points to Remember: PratÄ«tyasamutpāda is a core concept in Buddhism. It emphasizes interconnectedness and dependent origination. Understanding it requires examining its various interpretations and implications. It has profound philosophical and practical consequences. Introduction: PratÄ«tyasamutpāda, often translated as “dependent origination” or “conditioned arising,” is a central doctrine in Buddhism. It’s not simply a philosophical concept but … Read more

Points to Remember: Pramana are the sources of valid knowledge in Nyaya philosophy. There are four main Pramanas: Pratyaká¹£a (perception), Anumāna (inference), Śabda (verbal testimony), and Upamāna (comparison). Each Pramana has its own characteristics and limitations. Understanding Pramana is crucial to understanding Nyaya epistemology. Introduction: Nyaya, one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy … Read more

This question, “Section 1: Philosophy,” is far too broad to answer comprehensively without a specific philosophical question to address. The keywords are “Section 1” and “Philosophy,” indicating a section of an exam or assignment focused on philosophical inquiry. The required approach is analytical, requiring the application of philosophical concepts and reasoning. To provide a meaningful … Read more