CGPSC MAINS 2019 Paper-6

Points to Remember: The question asks for a classification of “Status,” a term with broad applications across various fields. We need to identify the different ways “status” is categorized depending on the context. Introduction: The term “status” lacks a single, universally accepted definition. Its meaning is highly context-dependent. In sociology, it refers to a person’s … Read more

Points to Remember: Satyagraha’s core principles: Truth (Satya), non-violent resistance (Ahimsa), and self-suffering. Its historical context within the Indian independence movement. Its influence on subsequent non-violent movements globally. Criticisms and limitations of Satyagraha. Introduction: Satyagraha, a Sanskrit term meaning “holding onto truth” or “truth force,” was a philosophy and practice of non-violent resistance developed by … Read more

Points to Remember: Vivekananda’s concept of a universal religion transcends sectarian differences. It emphasizes the underlying unity of all religions. It focuses on practical spirituality and ethical living. It promotes tolerance and acceptance of diverse religious beliefs. Introduction: The concept of a “Universal Religion” is central to Swami Vivekananda’s philosophy. He didn’t advocate for a … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and origin of Panchamahavrata. The five vows comprising Panchamahavrata. Significance and relevance in Jainism. Practical application and challenges in modern life. Introduction: Panchamahavrata, a cornerstone of Jain philosophy, translates to “five great vows.” These vows represent the highest level of ethical conduct for Jain monks and nuns, serving as a guiding … Read more

Points to Remember: The Ashtanga Yoga system comprises eight limbs, progressing from ethical conduct to meditative states. Understanding the sequential nature is crucial. Introduction: Ashtanga Yoga, meaning “eight-limbed yoga,” is a comprehensive system of yoga developed by Patanjali, as detailed in his Yoga Sutras. It’s not merely physical postures (asanas), but a holistic path to … Read more

Points to Remember: Sri Aurobindo’s Yoga aims for complete transformation of human consciousness and being. It integrates spiritual practices with everyday life. It emphasizes the evolution of consciousness beyond the limitations of the human condition. It incorporates various yogic paths and philosophical perspectives. Introduction: Sri Aurobindo’s Integral Yoga is a unique system of spiritual practice … Read more

Points to Remember: Swadharma is one’s inherent duty or nature. It’s not rigidly defined but depends on individual circumstances (varna and ashrama). Performing Swadharma leads to liberation (moksha). Neglecting Swadharma leads to suffering. Balancing Swadharma with Dharma (universal righteousness) is crucial. Introduction: The Bhagavad Gita, a pivotal text in Hindu philosophy, profoundly explores the concept … Read more

Points to Remember: Aprama is a crucial concept in Nyaya epistemology. It signifies valid means of knowledge. Nyaya identifies three primary sources of Aprama: perception, inference, and testimony. Understanding Aprama is key to understanding Nyaya’s approach to truth and knowledge. Introduction: Nyaya, one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy, emphasizes logic and reasoning … Read more

Points to Remember: Satkaryavada is a philosophical concept within Indian metaphysics. It emphasizes the inherent existence of the effect within the cause. It contrasts with Asatkaryavada, which posits the effect’s non-existence prior to causation. Different schools of thought within Indian philosophy interpret Satkaryavada differently. Introduction: Satkaryavada, a key concept in Indian philosophy, translates to “the … Read more