The Maratha influence in Chhattisgarh, a central Indian state, marked a significant period in its history. Their presence transitioned from initial interactions to eventual dominance, shaping the political, social, and economic landscape of the region. This article delves into the early interactions between Chhattisgarh and Maratha rulers, and the groundwork laid for their eventual control.
Early Interactions with Maratha Rulers
The early interactions between Chhattisgarh and the Marathas can be traced back to the early 18th century when the Maratha Empire was rapidly expanding under the leadership of Peshwa Bajirao I.
Initial Forays: While the Marathas had already established their presence in neighboring regions like Maharashtra and Nagpur, their initial forays into Chhattisgarh were primarily focused on collecting tribute (chauth) and asserting their influence.
Bhaskar Pant's Invasion (1741): A key event marking the Maratha entry into Chhattisgarh was the invasion led by Bhaskar Pant, a commander in the service of Raghuji Bhonsle of Nagpur. This campaign targeted the kingdom of Ratanpur, then ruled by the aging king Raghunath Singh. The invasion resulted in the defeat of Raghunath Singh and the establishment of Maratha control over Ratanpur.
Mohan Singh as a Puppet Ruler: Though the Marathas asserted their control, they initially installed Mohan Singh, a relative of Raghunath Singh, as a puppet ruler. This strategy allowed them to maintain a semblance of local rule while consolidating their power.
Preparations for Maratha Dominance
The period following Bhaskar Pant's invasion saw the Marathas solidify their hold over Chhattisgarh, setting the stage for their complete dominance in the later period.
Consolidation of Power: The Marathas focused on consolidating their power by establishing administrative systems for revenue collection and maintaining law and order. They strategically placed their own officials in key positions to ensure effective control.
Expansion of Territory: From their base in Ratanpur, the Marathas gradually expanded their territory, bringing other smaller kingdoms and chiefdoms under their control. This expansion was achieved through a combination of military campaigns and diplomatic negotiations.
Exploitation of Resources: Chhattisgarh, with its rich natural resources and fertile lands, was seen as a valuable asset by the Marathas. They implemented revenue systems to extract maximum wealth from the region, often leading to discontent among the local population.
Direct Rule (1758): Upon the death of Mohan Singh in 1758, the Marathas ended the pretense of local rule and directly annexed Chhattisgarh to the Nagpur kingdom. Bimbaji Bhonsle became the first Maratha ruler of Chhattisgarh.