Chhattisgarh, a land rich in natural resources and tribal culture, played a significant but often overlooked role in India's struggle for independence. Its people, fueled by a desire for self-rule and an end to exploitation, actively participated in various movements, contributing to the eventual downfall of British colonial rule.
Early Sparks of Resistance
Even before the formal beginning of the Indian freedom struggle, the seeds of resistance were being sown in Chhattisgarh. Tribal communities, fiercely protective of their land and traditions, frequently clashed with the encroaching British administration.
Bhumkal Rebellions (1774-1789 & 1824-1825): The Bhumkal rebellions, led by the Gond and Oraon tribes, were early manifestations of anti-colonial sentiment. These uprisings protested against the oppressive policies of the British and their local collaborators.
Halba Rebellion (1774-1779): The Halba tribe of Bastar, under the leadership of Ajmer Singh, launched a protracted struggle against British attempts to control their territory. Though ultimately unsuccessful, the rebellion demonstrated the strong spirit of resistance among the tribal people.
Koi Revolt (1859): This revolt erupted in Southern Bastar when the British granted contracts for cutting Sal trees to outsiders, disregarding the traditional rights of the local Kois. The tribals rose up in defiance, showcasing their determination to protect their resources and way of life.
First War of Independence (1857): While the 1857 revolt was centered in North India, Chhattisgarh also witnessed significant uprisings. Veer Narayan Singh, a Zamindar from Sonakhan, led a rebellion against the British, capturing Raipur and establishing his own rule for a brief period. He was eventually captured and executed, becoming a martyr for the cause of freedom.
These early rebellions, though often localized and ultimately suppressed, laid the groundwork for future movements and instilled a spirit of defiance among the people of Chhattisgarh.
Chhattisgarh and the Non-Cooperation Movement
Mahatma Gandhi's call for non-violent resistance in the Non-Cooperation Movement resonated deeply in Chhattisgarh. People from all walks of life, including tribals, farmers, and urban intellectuals, joined the movement.
Boycott of Foreign Goods: People actively boycotted foreign goods and embraced Swadeshi products.
Spread of Khadi: Khadi production and use became widespread, symbolizing self-reliance and resistance to British economic dominance.
Establishment of National Schools: National schools were established to provide an alternative to the colonial education system.
Civil Disobedience: People participated in civil disobedience activities, defying unjust laws and courting arrest.
Prominent leaders like Pandit Sundarlal Sharma, Thakur Pyarelal Singh, and Waman Rao Lakhe mobilized the masses and played a crucial role in spreading the message of the movement. Thakur Pyarelal Singh, a lawyer turned freedom fighter, also led labor movements in Rajnandgaon, fighting for the rights of workers and further strengthening the struggle against oppression.
The Tides of Civil Disobedience and Quit India
Chhattisgarh continued its active participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.
Salt Satyagraha: People in Chhattisgarh manufactured salt illegally, defying the British salt monopoly and demonstrating their resolve to challenge unjust laws.
Forest Satyagraha: Tribals actively participated in the Forest Satyagraha, protesting against restrictive forest laws that curtailed their traditional rights.
Underground Activities: During the Quit India Movement, many leaders went underground, organizing protests and mobilizing the masses.
The people of Chhattisgarh faced severe repression from the British authorities, including arrests, lathi charges, and imprisonment. However, these hardships did not dampen their spirit, and they continued their struggle with unwavering determination