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Keywords: Foreign educational institutions, establishment, India, justification. Required Approach: Analytical (with elements of factual support). Points to Remember: Economic benefits vs. potential risks to domestic institutions. Quality of education and access for Indian students. Regulatory framework and safeguarding Indian interests. Cultural impact and preservation of Indian identity. Political considerations and national security. Introduction: The question … Read more

Points to Remember: Mandate and Objectives of the NRF Funding Mechanisms and Allocation Research Promotion and Collaboration Capacity Building Initiatives Impact and Achievements Challenges and Future Directions Introduction: The National Research Foundation (NRF) in India is a crucial institution aimed at strengthening the nation’s scientific and technological capabilities. While still relatively new (established in 2023), … Read more

Points to Remember: The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) defines various cyber offenses. These offenses range from relatively minor infractions to serious crimes with significant penalties. The Act aims to regulate cyberspace and protect citizens from online harm. Amendments have broadened the scope of the Act over time. Introduction: The Information Technology Act, 2000, … Read more

Points to Remember: ICDS’s overarching goal in Chhattisgarh: Improved nutritional and health status of children and women. Key services offered: Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, pre-school education. Challenges faced: Implementation gaps, resource constraints, geographical barriers. Successes achieved: Improved enrollment, reduced malnutrition rates (though further improvement needed). Introduction: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Economic interdependence, cultural exchange, strategic partnerships, technological collaboration, and shared global challenges. Introduction: Europe and India, geographically distant yet historically intertwined, share a complex and multifaceted relationship. Their importance to each other extends beyond bilateral trade and encompasses strategic, cultural, and technological dimensions. While historical ties have sometimes been strained, the 21st … Read more

Points to Remember: India’s focus on development-oriented trade policies. Concerns regarding agricultural subsidies and market access. Emphasis on equitable multilateral trading system. Push for reforms in WTO’s functioning. Introduction: The 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), held in June 2022 in Geneva, Switzerland, was a crucial juncture for global trade governance. … Read more

Points to Remember: India’s G20 Presidency theme: “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (One Earth, One Family, One Future) Focus on inclusive and equitable growth Emphasis on multilateralism and reformed global governance Addressing climate change and sustainable development Promoting digital public infrastructure and technological advancements Strengthening global health architecture Introduction: India assumed the G20 Presidency on December 1, 2022, … Read more

Points to Remember: Major Dhyan Chand’s unparalleled contribution to hockey. The evolution and significance of the Khel Ratna Award. Comparing Dhyan Chand’s impact with the Khel Ratna’s scope. The legacy of both and their continued relevance. Introduction: Major Dhyan Chand, often called the “Wizard of Hockey,” is considered one of the greatest hockey players of … Read more

Points to Remember: Plea bargaining is a negotiation process in criminal cases. It involves the accused pleading guilty to a lesser charge or accepting a reduced sentence in exchange for a quicker resolution. The Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973, in India, has specific provisions governing plea bargaining. It aims to reduce case backlogs and expedite … Read more

Points to Remember: Conciliation is a pre-inquiry stage under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. It’s a voluntary process aimed at amicable resolution. It involves a conciliator, the complainant, and the respondent. Failure of conciliation doesn’t preclude further action. Confidentiality is a key aspect of the process. Introduction: … Read more