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Points to Remember: Structure: The WTO’s organizational chart, including the Ministerial Conference, General Council, Councils, Committees, and Secretariat. Functions: Dispute settlement, trade negotiations, technical assistance, monitoring trade policies. Principles: Non-discrimination (Most-Favoured-Nation and National Treatment), reciprocity, transparency. Introduction: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade and encourages the reduction of … Read more

Points to Remember: The 102nd Amendment Act, 2018, established the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC). Article 338B details the composition, powers, and functions of the NCBC. The amendment aimed to strengthen the protection and empowerment of backward classes. The Act grants the NCBC quasi-judicial powers. Introduction: The Indian Constitution, a living document, undergoes amendments … Read more

Points to Remember: Fundamental Rights guaranteeing equality and prohibiting discrimination. Directive Principles of State Policy emphasizing social and economic justice. Specific provisions in Part XVI (Tribal Areas) and other related articles. Constitutional amendments aimed at empowering Scheduled Tribes. Judicial pronouncements interpreting these provisions. Introduction: India’s Constitution recognizes the unique challenges faced by Scheduled Tribes (STs), … Read more

Points to Remember: The legal definition and purpose of Scheduled Areas in India. The rights and protections afforded to tribal communities within these areas. The potential benefits and drawbacks of the Scheduled Area system. The challenges in implementation and suggestions for improvement. Introduction: The concept of “Scheduled Areas” in India is rooted in the Constitution’s … Read more

Points to Remember: Skilled human resources are essential for economic growth and development. Skill development requires investment in education and training. A skilled workforce enhances productivity and competitiveness. Lack of skilled labor can hinder economic progress. Governments and organizations play crucial roles in developing skilled human resources. Introduction: The importance of skilled human resources cannot … Read more

Points to Remember: Increased economic opportunities for girls and women. Improved health outcomes for girls, their families, and communities. Reduced poverty and inequality. Enhanced social and political participation. Sustainable development and empowerment. Introduction: Girls’ education is a fundamental human right and a crucial driver of sustainable development. Denying girls access to education perpetuates cycles of … Read more

Points to Remember: Highly competitive entrance examination (JEE Advanced). Merit-based selection. Reservation policy for various categories. Counseling process for seat allocation. Importance of class 12th board examination. Introduction: The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are prestigious autonomous public technical universities located across India. Admission to these institutes is highly competitive and considered one of the … Read more

Points to Remember: AICTE’s regulatory role in technical education. AICTE’s role in maintaining standards and quality. AICTE’s involvement in promoting technical education’s growth. AICTE’s impact on the Indian technical education landscape. Introduction: The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a statutory body established by the Government of India in 1987 under the AICTE … Read more

Points to Remember: Improved access to education for girls in rural areas. Empowerment of girls through education. Bridging the gender gap in education. Contribution to national development. Role in social upliftment. Introduction: Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) are residential schools for girls in rural areas of India, established to address the critical issue of low … Read more

Points to Remember: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Historical Context (Post-colonial Asia) Relevance in Modern International Relations Criticisms and Limitations Introduction: Panchsheel, meaning “five principles” in Sanskrit, refers to a set of five principles of peaceful coexistence first articulated in the Sino-Indian Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet and India in 1954. These principles, … Read more