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Points to Remember: Definition and origins of Penda Agriculture. Key characteristics and practices. Advantages and disadvantages. Applicability and scalability. Potential for sustainable development. Introduction: “Penda Agriculture” isn’t a widely recognized or established term in the field of agriculture or agricultural economics. There’s no standard definition or readily available academic literature using this specific term. It’s … Read more

Points to Remember: Limited funding and infrastructure. Lack of audience engagement and promotion. Introduction: Chhattisgarhi theatre, a vibrant reflection of the state’s rich cultural heritage, faces several challenges hindering its growth and potential. While it boasts a rich tradition of folk performances and evolving dramatic forms, its reach and impact are limited by several factors. … Read more

Points to Remember: The geographical location of Chhattisgarh. The cultural and historical significance of names and places in Chhattisgarh. Potential connections between “Kaleva” and existing geographical features, communities, or historical events in Chhattisgarh. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, boasts a rich and diverse cultural heritage. Understanding the context of place names like “Kaleva” … Read more

Points to Remember: Scientific name and common names of Chhattisgarh’s state bird. Physical characteristics, habitat, and diet. Conservation status and threats. Cultural significance in Chhattisgarh. Role in the ecosystem. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, boasts a rich biodiversity. Its state bird, the Hill Myna ( Gracula religiosa, also known as the Gracula religiosa), … Read more

Points to Remember: Rapid population growth strains resources. Overpopulation leads to unemployment and poverty. It exacerbates social inequalities. Impacts on environment and infrastructure are significant. Government policies play a crucial role in managing population growth. Introduction: India is the world’s second most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. While a large population can … Read more

Points to Remember: Society is a complex system of interconnected individuals. Social structures, institutions, and culture shape societal behavior. Societies evolve and change over time. Understanding society requires a multidisciplinary approach. Introduction: The term “society” lacks a single, universally accepted definition. However, it generally refers to a group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical … Read more

Points to Remember: Sociology studies human social relationships and institutions. Economics studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Both disciplines overlap significantly in areas like inequality, poverty, labor markets, and social policy. Introduction: Sociology and economics are distinct social sciences, yet they share a deep and intertwined relationship. Sociology examines the social … Read more

Points to Remember: Formalism in sociology emphasizes the structure and rules of social interaction, rather than the content or meaning. It focuses on observable patterns and regularities in social behavior. Key figures include Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. Criticisms include its potential to overlook individual agency and the complexities of social life. Introduction: The formalistic … Read more

Points to Remember: Sanskritization as a social process. Limited applicability across all castes. Potential for social inequality and exclusion. Role of power dynamics and agency. Modern critiques and alternative perspectives. Introduction: Sanskritization, a term coined by M.N. Srinivas, describes a process by which lower castes emulate the rituals, customs, and lifestyles of the dominant, higher … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of cultural lag Factors contributing to cultural lag Examples of cultural lag across different societies Consequences of cultural lag Overcoming cultural lag Introduction: Cultural lag is a concept in sociology that describes the phenomenon where technological advancements outpace the evolution of societal norms, values, and institutions. This disparity creates a gap … Read more