CGPSC MAINS 2012 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Power (P) is the rate of energy consumption. Energy (E) is power multiplied by time. Current (I) is power divided by voltage. Units: Power (Watts or kW), Energy (kWh), Current (Amperes), Voltage (Volts), Time (hours). Introduction: This question requires a factual and analytical approach to determine the energy consumed and the current … Read more

Points to Remember: Input devices feed data into a computer. Output devices display or present processed data from the computer. Examples should be diverse and illustrate different functionalities. Introduction: A computer system relies on the interaction between hardware and software. Hardware comprises physical components, including input and output (I/O) devices. Input devices allow users to … Read more

Points to Remember: The question requires the full forms of four acronyms: IRS, WWW, NABARD, and GPRS. The approach is purely factual. Introduction: Acronyms are commonly used abbreviations for organizations, technologies, and concepts. Understanding their full forms is crucial for clear communication and comprehension. This response will provide the full forms of IRS, WWW, NABARD, … Read more

Points to Remember: Biotic potential is the maximum reproductive capacity of a population under ideal conditions. It’s influenced by factors like birth rate, death rate, and generation time. Understanding biotic potential is crucial in ecology, conservation, and pest management. Environmental resistance limits the realization of biotic potential. Introduction: Biotic potential refers to the inherent capacity … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of “hotspots” in the Indian context (geographical, socio-political, or economic). Identification of major hotspots across different categories. Analysis of the causes and consequences of these hotspots. Suggestions for mitigation and sustainable development. Introduction: The term “hotspots” in the Indian context can refer to areas experiencing heightened tension or conflict due to … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of pollination Types of pollination (biotic and abiotic) with examples Importance of pollination for ecosystems and human food security Introduction: Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther (male part) of a flower to the stigma (female part) of the same or another flower, enabling fertilization and the … Read more

Points to Remember: The largest exocrine gland in the human body is the liver. Exocrine glands secrete substances onto epithelial surfaces through ducts. The liver performs a wide array of metabolic, secretory, and excretory functions crucial for survival. Introduction: Exocrine glands are glands that secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. … Read more

Points to Remember: The Scientific Policy Resolution (SPR) of 1958 aimed to establish a scientific temper in India. It emphasized the crucial role of science and technology in national development. The resolution outlined the mechanisms for achieving scientific advancement. It highlighted the importance of scientific education and research. Introduction: India’s Scientific Policy Resolution (SPR) of … Read more

Points to Remember: SARAL is a joint satellite mission. The question asks for the collaborating country with India. The answer requires factual information. Introduction: The SARAL (Satellite with ARgos and AltiKa) mission is a significant contribution to oceanographic research and monitoring. Launched in 2013, it represents a successful collaboration between space agencies of two nations, … Read more

Points to Remember: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except for the pulmonary artery). Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (except for the pulmonary vein). Arteries have thicker walls and higher blood pressure than veins. Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Arteries are deeper within the body, while veins are … Read more