CGPSC MAINS 2013 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Rate of reaction is a measure of how quickly reactants are consumed or products are formed. It’s expressed as a change in concentration per unit time. Several factors influence the rate of a reaction. Introduction: Chemical reactions are the foundation of countless processes in nature and industry. Understanding the rate at which … Read more

Points to Remember: The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline (basic). Several methods exist to determine pH, ranging from simple indicators to sophisticated instruments. Introduction: The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to specify the … Read more

Points to Remember: Chemical composition Cleaning mechanism Environmental impact Ingredients and manufacturing process Applications and suitability Introduction: Soap and detergents are both cleaning agents used to remove dirt and grime, but they differ significantly in their chemical composition and how they interact with water and grease. While both are surfactants – meaning they reduce the … Read more