CGPSC MAINS 2015 Paper-4

Discuss in brief the National Policy on Science and Technology.

by

Points to Remember: Origins and Objectives of the policy Key areas of focus Implementation mechanisms Strengths and weaknesses Future directions Introduction: India’s National Policy on Science and Technology (NPST), while not a single, static document with a specific publication date, represents a continuous evolution of government strategies aimed at leveraging science and technology for national … Read more

Describe pesticide resistance and its management.

by

Points to Remember: Pesticide resistance is the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective. Resistance develops through natural selection, favoring resistant individuals within a pest population. Management strategies focus on delaying or mitigating resistance development. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a key approach to sustainable pesticide resistance management. Introduction: … Read more

Give a brief account of supercomputers.

by

Points to Remember: Definition and purpose of supercomputers. Architectural differences from regular computers. Key applications and industries using supercomputers. Limitations and challenges. Future trends and developments. Introduction: Supercomputers are high-performance computing systems designed to handle extremely complex calculations and simulations far beyond the capabilities of conventional computers. Unlike personal computers or even powerful servers, supercomputers … Read more

Write a detailed account of the following: (i) Population Explosion and Family Welfare Programme (ii) Causes and hazardous effects of Earthquakes**

by

Points to Remember: Population Explosion: Rapid increase in human population, its causes, consequences, and family welfare programs aimed at managing it. Earthquakes: Geological phenomenon, causes (tectonic plates), effects (destruction, casualties), and mitigation strategies. Introduction: The world faces two significant challenges: rapid population growth and the devastating impact of natural disasters like earthquakes. The global population … Read more

Give the laboratory method for preparing hydrogen gas. Describe the isotopes of hydrogen gas. Give the difference and uses of isotopes of hydrogen gas.

by

Points to Remember: Laboratory preparation of hydrogen gas. Isotopes of hydrogen: protium, deuterium, tritium. Differences and uses of hydrogen isotopes. Introduction: Hydrogen, the simplest element with atomic number 1, is a crucial element with diverse applications. It’s primarily prepared in laboratories through chemical reactions. Understanding its isotopes – atoms of the same element with varying … Read more

Write names of two important ores of iron and describe its method of extraction with chemical equations.

by

Points to Remember: Two important iron ores: Hematite (Fe₂O₃) and Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) Iron extraction involves reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron. The primary method is the Blast Furnace process. Introduction: Iron is a crucial element for modern civilization, forming the backbone of numerous industries. Its extraction from ores is a cornerstone of metallurgical engineering. … Read more

What do you mean by polymer and polymerization? Give the method of preparation and structure of the following: (i) Rubber (ii) PVC (iii) Polythene

by

Points to Remember: Definition and types of polymers. Mechanism of polymerization (addition and condensation). Preparation and structure of rubber, PVC, and polythene. Introduction: Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are linked together through a process called polymerization. Polymers are ubiquitous in modern life, forming the basis of plastics, … Read more

What do you mean by chemical equilibrium? Describe its characteristics. Explain the effect of pressure, temperature, and concentration on the equilibrium of the following reactions:(i) PCl₅ ⇌ PCl₃ + Cl₂(ii) 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃

by

Points to Remember: Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state where the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal. Equilibrium is affected by changes in pressure, temperature, and concentration, following Le Chatelier’s principle. The effect of these changes depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction and whether it is exothermic or endothermic. Introduction: Chemical equilibrium … Read more

Explain the Green Family Concept in detail.

by

Points to Remember: The Green Family Concept emphasizes environmental sustainability within the family unit. It involves integrating eco-conscious practices into daily family life. It promotes intergenerational responsibility for environmental protection. Successful implementation requires Subscribe on YouTube education, community support, and policy changes. Introduction: The “Green Family Concept” isn’t a formally defined, universally accepted term like, … Read more

Describe in detail four uses of a nuclear reactor.

by

Points to Remember: Nuclear reactors utilize nuclear fission to generate heat. This heat is used to produce electricity or for other applications. Safety and waste disposal are crucial considerations. Different reactor designs exist, each with specific applications. Introduction: Nuclear reactors are devices that initiate and control sustained nuclear chain reactions. These Subscribe on YouTube reactions, … Read more

error: Content is protected !!