CGPSC MAINS 2016 Paper-4

What is air pollution? Describe its reasons, effects, and control measures.

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Points to Remember: Definition of air pollution Sources of air pollution (natural and anthropogenic) Health and environmental effects of air pollution Air pollution control measures (legislation, technology, public awareness) Introduction: Air pollution is the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the … Read more

Explain the role of a common man in the preservation and conservation of biodiversity.

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Points to Remember: The importance of individual actions in biodiversity conservation. Various ways a common man can contribute. The collective impact of individual efforts. The role of awareness and education. Policy implications and government support. Introduction: Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, is crucial for … Read more

Describe the importance of wildlife conservation.

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Points to Remember: Biodiversity preservation Ecosystem services Economic benefits Ethical considerations Human well-being Introduction: Wildlife conservation, the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats, is paramount for maintaining the health of our planet and ensuring human well-being. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a landmark international treaty, highlights the intrinsic value of … Read more

What do you know about Agroecology?

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Points to Remember: Definition and core principles of agroecology. Relationship with conventional agriculture. Benefits and challenges of agroecological practices. Examples of agroecological systems. Policy implications and future directions. Introduction: Agroecology is a scientific discipline that applies ecological principles to the design and management of sustainable agricultural systems. It moves beyond simply considering the farm as … Read more

Define the first and second principal focus of any lens with a ray diagram.

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Points to Remember: The principal focus of a lens is a crucial concept in geometrical optics. Understanding the difference between the first and second principal focus is essential for analyzing image formation. Ray diagrams are a valuable tool for visualizing light paths through lenses. Introduction: A lens is a transparent refracting medium bound by two … Read more

With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the construction, working, and use of a Leclanché cell.

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Points to Remember: Construction materials of a Leclanché cell (zinc container, carbon rod, electrolyte, depolarizer). Electrochemical reactions during cell operation. Uses of Leclanché cells (flashlights, toys, remote controls). Limitations of Leclanché cells (short shelf life, voltage drop under load). Introduction: The Leclanché cell, invented by Georges Leclanché in 1866, is a primary electrochemical cell, meaning … Read more

Describe an alternating current generator (dynamo) under the following heads: (i) Principle, (ii) Construction and diagram, (iii) Working, (iv) Uses (any three).

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Points to Remember: Principle: Electromagnetic induction. Construction: Rotating armature, stationary field magnets, slip rings, brushes. Working: Rotation of armature in magnetic field induces alternating current. Uses: Power generation, industrial applications, household appliances. Introduction: An alternating current (AC) generator, commonly known as a dynamo, is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the … Read more

Make a well-labeled diagram of a flower. Write about the functions of different parts of a flower.

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Points to Remember: Main parts of a flower: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Pistil (Carpel). Function of each part in reproduction and plant survival. Diagram should clearly label all parts. Introduction: Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants Join Our Telegram Channel (angiosperms). Their primary function is sexual reproduction, leading to the production of seeds and … Read more

What are the various organs of the respiratory system? How does respiration occur in humans?

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Points to Remember: Major organs of the respiratory system: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (alveoli). Process of respiration: Pulmonary ventilation (breathing), external respiration (gas exchange in lungs), internal respiration (gas exchange in tissues), cellular respiration (ATP production). Introduction: Respiration is a vital physiological process that sustains life by providing the body with oxygen (O2) … Read more

Describe the Digital India Mission. Write about the initiatives taken for this mission by the Chhattisgarh State Government.

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Points to Remember: Digital India Mission: A flagship program of the Indian government aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Chhattisgarh’s Role: The state government’s initiatives to align with and implement the Digital India Mission within its jurisdiction. Key Initiatives: Specific schemes and projects undertaken by Chhattisgarh to promote digital … Read more

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