CGPSC MAINS 2016 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Major organs of the respiratory system: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (alveoli). Process of respiration: Pulmonary ventilation (breathing), external respiration (gas exchange in lungs), internal respiration (gas exchange in tissues), cellular respiration (ATP production). Introduction: Respiration is a vital physiological process that sustains life by providing the body with oxygen (O2) … Read more

Points to Remember: Digital India Mission: A flagship program of the Indian government aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Chhattisgarh’s Role: The state government’s initiatives to align with and implement the Digital India Mission within its jurisdiction. Key Initiatives: Specific schemes and projects undertaken by Chhattisgarh to promote digital … Read more

Points to Remember: Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism where a material weakly attracts to an externally applied magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials possess unpaired electrons. The molecular model explains paramagnetism based on the alignment of atomic magnetic moments. The strength of paramagnetism is temperature-dependent. Introduction: Paramagnetic materials are substances that exhibit a weak attraction to … Read more

Points to Remember: Diaphragm’s primary function in breathing. Mechanics of inhalation and exhalation. Diaphragm’s interaction with other respiratory muscles. Potential issues related to diaphragm dysfunction. Introduction: Breathing, or pulmonary ventilation, is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. This essential life function is primarily driven by the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle … Read more

Points to Remember: ASTROSAT is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory. Its primary objective is to study celestial objects across a wide range of wavelengths. The mission has significantly contributed to Indian astronomy and space research. Introduction: ASTROSAT, short for AstroSat, is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory launched on September 28, 2015, by the … Read more

Points to Remember: Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. The primary GHGs are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Human activities are the primary driver of increased GHG concentrations. The consequences of increased GHGs include climate change and its associated impacts. Mitigation and adaptation strategies are crucial to address the … Read more

Points to Remember: The greenhouse effect and its role in warming the planet. Human activities as the primary driver of current climate change. Observed effects of climate change (rising temperatures, sea levels, extreme weather). Potential future impacts and mitigation strategies. International efforts to address climate change. Introduction: Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and properties of polymers. Classification of polymers based on synthesis methods (addition and condensation). Chemical name of Teflon. Introduction: Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are linked together through covalent bonds, forming long chains or networks. Polymers are ubiquitous in our Join Our Telegram … Read more

Points to Remember: HAL’s full name and its significance in the context of 2001: A Space Odyssey. HAL’s capabilities and functionalities as depicted in the film. HAL’s role in the narrative and its impact on the plot. Introduction: HAL 9000 is a Subscribe on YouTube fictional character, a sentient computer, featured prominently in Arthur C. … Read more

Points to Remember: Genetic variation within and between populations. Importance for adaptation and evolution. Threats to genetic diversity. Conservation strategies. Introduction: Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It encompasses the range of different genes and alleles (alternative forms of a gene) present within a … Read more