CGPSC MAINS 2018 Paper-5

Points to Remember: Subscribe on YouTube High regional disparity in literacy rates in India. Socioeconomic factors significantly influence literacy. Government initiatives and their impact on literacy. Need for a multi-pronged approach to improve literacy across regions. Introduction: Literacy, the ability to read and write, is a fundamental human right and a crucial indicator of human … Read more

Points to Remember: Effectiveness of various poverty alleviation programs. Targeting and reach of programs. Sustainability and long-term impact. Challenges and limitations. Policy recommendations for improvement. Introduction: Poverty alleviation has been a central focus of Indian government policy since independence. The World Bank estimates that India’s poverty rate has fallen significantly from 60% in 1994 to … Read more

Points to Remember: Primary and Secondary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS and LAMPS) Cooperative Banks Commercial Banks Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) Government Schemes and Subsidies Introduction: Access to credit is a crucial factor in rural development, particularly for agricultural activities. Chhattisgarh, a predominantly agrarian state in India, relies on a diverse range of … Read more

Points to Remember: Narwa, Garuwa, Ghurwa, Bari (NGGB) Yojana: A flagship program of the Chhattisgarh government focused on water conservation and agricultural development. Four Components: Narwa (check dams), Garuwa (johads/ponds), Ghurwa (water harvesting structures), and Bari (vegetable cultivation). Integrated Approach: Aims for holistic rural development by linking water conservation with improved agricultural practices. Farmer Empowerment: … Read more

Points to Remember: Major forest-based industries in Chhattisgarh. Employment generation and economic contribution. Environmental impact and sustainability concerns. Government policies and initiatives. Challenges and future prospects. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, is endowed with rich forest resources, covering approximately 44% of its geographical area. These forests are a crucial component of the state’s … Read more

Points to Remember: Major tributaries of the northern Mahanadi basin. Their origin and flow direction. Significance in terms of water resources and ecology. Introduction: The Mahanadi River, one of the major east-flowing rivers of India, originates from the Sihawa hills in Chhattisgarh. Its basin is broadly divided into northern and southern parts. This account focuses … Read more

Points to Remember: Declining birth rate in Chhattisgarh between 1981 and 2011. Factors contributing to the decline: improved healthcare, education, and family planning programs. Regional variations within Chhattisgarh. Comparison with national trends. Implications for demographic transition and development planning. Introduction: Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, has witnessed a significant shift in its birth rate … Read more

Points to Remember: Historical context of sugar industry development in Chhattisgarh. Key players and their roles (government, private sector, farmers). Challenges faced by the industry (climate, infrastructure, technology). Current status and future prospects. Sustainability and socio-economic impact. Introduction: The sugar industry in Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, has witnessed a complex and evolving trajectory. … Read more

Points to Remember: India’s diverse climate directly influences its varied forest types. Altitude, rainfall, and temperature are key climatic factors determining forest composition. Deforestation and climate change are impacting forest types and their distribution. Conservation efforts must consider the interplay between climate and forest ecosystems. Introduction: India boasts a rich tapestry of forest types, reflecting … Read more

Points to Remember: Non-tax revenue sources for the central government. Examples of each source. Significance of non-tax revenue in government finances. Potential challenges and improvements. Introduction: The Central Government of India relies on various revenue streams to fund its extensive operations and social welfare programs. While taxes form a significant portion of its revenue, non-tax … Read more