CGPSC MAINS 2020 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Project Tiger’s inception, goals, and phases. Key strategies employed for tiger conservation. Successes and challenges faced by the project. The role of community participation and international collaboration. Future directions and ongoing efforts. Introduction: Join Our Telegram Channel Project Tiger is a flagship conservation program of the Government of India, launched in 1973. … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and characteristics of chemical equilibrium. Factors affecting equilibrium: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalysts. Le Chatelier’s principle. Equilibrium constant (K) and its significance. Example illustrating chemical equilibrium. Introduction: Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no … Read more

Points to Remember: Experimental setup for the photoelectric effect involves a light source, a photoemissive material (cathode), an anode, a vacuum tube, a voltmeter, and an ammeter. Intensity of light affects the number of photoelectrons emitted, directly impacting the photoelectric current. Frequency of light affects the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. Introduction: The photoelectric … Read more

Points to Remember: Apoplast pathway: Movement through cell walls and intercellular spaces. Symplast pathway: Movement through the cytoplasm via plasmodesmata. Transmembrane pathway: Movement across cell membranes. Casparian strip: A barrier in the endodermis regulating apoplastic flow. Active transport: Energy-requiring movement against concentration gradients. Passive transport: Movement down concentration gradients (diffusion). Xylem: Primary pathway for upward … Read more

Points to Remember: Pipes A and B fill the tank, while pipe C empties it. Individual filling/emptying rates need to be calculated. The net filling/emptying rate when multiple pipes are open needs to be determined. The problem involves calculating the remaining work after A and B operate for 3 minutes. Introduction: This is a problem … Read more

Points to Remember: Key differences lie in origin, composition, mode of action, environmental impact, and human health effects. Biopesticides are derived from natural sources, while chemical pesticides are synthetic. Both have advantages and disadvantages regarding efficacy, cost, and environmental impact. Introduction: Pesticides are substances used to control, repel, or kill pests, including insects, weeds, fungi, … Read more

Points to Remember: The designation of a biosphere reserve involves meeting specific criteria related to biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and research. These criteria are assessed at the national level and then submitted to UNESCO for final approval. Introduction: Subscribe on YouTube A biosphere reserve is a globally recognized area designated by UNESCO’s Man and the … Read more

Points to Remember: Join Our Telegram Channel Species richness Species evenness Biodiversity hotspots Threats to species diversity Conservation efforts Introduction: Species diversity, a cornerstone of biodiversity, refers to the variety of different species within a particular habitat, region, or the entire planet. It’s not simply a count of species (species richness), but also considers the … Read more

Points to Remember: Join Our Telegram Channel Increased accessibility and convenience. Transparency and accountability in government processes. Reduced corruption and delays. Improved efficiency and effectiveness of government services. Enhanced citizen participation and engagement. Introduction: E-governance, or the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to government functions, has emerged as a transformative force in public … Read more

Points to Remember: This is a mathematical word problem involving profit and loss percentages. We need to set up equations based on the given information to solve for the cost price of the cycle. The solution will involve understanding the relationship between cost price, selling price, profit, and loss. Introduction: Profit and loss are fundamental … Read more