CGPSC MAINS 2020 Paper-6

Points to Remember: Understanding the nature of social phenomena. Explaining social patterns and behaviors. Predicting future social trends. Evaluating social programs and policies. Contributing to social change and improvement. Introduction: Social research is a systematic investigation of social phenomena, employing empirical methods to gather and analyze data. Its objectives are multifaceted, aiming to understand, explain, … Read more

Points to Remember: Four key characteristics of tribal societies, focusing on social organization, economic systems, relationship with the environment, and governance structures. Introduction: Tribal societies, also known as indigenous communities, represent diverse social formations across the globe. They are characterized by a strong sense of collective identity, often linked to a shared ancestry, territory, and … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and core tenets of Panchsheel. Origin and historical context of its proposition. Significance and impact of Panchsheel on international relations. Criticisms and limitations of Panchsheel. Introduction: The Principle of Panchsheel, meaning “five principles of peaceful coexistence,” represents a cornerstone of India’s foreign policy. It’s a set of guiding principles for peaceful … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of a clan and its key characteristics. Different types of clans and their variations across cultures. Social, political, and economic functions of clans. Modern relevance and challenges faced by clans. Introduction: The term “clan” lacks a universally agreed-upon definition, varying significantly depending on the cultural and historical context. Generally, a clan … Read more

Points to Remember: Origin and historical context of Ghadwa art. Artistic techniques and characteristics. Themes and subject matter commonly depicted. Cultural significance and social impact. Contemporary relevance and future prospects. Introduction: “Ghadwa” art, a relatively less-known artistic tradition, requires a nuanced understanding of its historical and cultural context. While precise, universally accepted definitions are scarce, … Read more

Points to Remember: Primary groups are characterized by intimate, face-to-face interaction. Relationships within primary groups are enduring and emotionally significant. Members of primary groups share a sense of belonging and loyalty. Primary groups play a crucial role in socialization and personal development. Introduction: The concept of “primary group” is central to sociology, introduced by Charles … Read more

Points to Remember: Types of conflict (interpersonal, intrapersonal, intergroup, international). Causes of conflict (scarcity of resources, differing values, power imbalances, communication breakdowns). Consequences of conflict (violence, displacement, economic disruption, social instability). Conflict resolution strategies (negotiation, mediation, arbitration, litigation). Introduction: Conflict is a ubiquitous aspect of human interaction, arising from disagreements, incompatible goals, or perceived threats. … Read more

Points to Remember: Social change is a continuous process. Multiple factors drive social change. Change can be gradual or rapid. Consequences of social change can be both positive and negative. Understanding patterns helps predict and manage change. Introduction: Social change refers to alterations in the social order of a society. It encompasses shifts in social … Read more

Points to Remember: Achieved status is a social position attained through personal effort and merit. It contrasts with ascribed status, which is assigned at birth. Achievement is influenced by factors like education, occupation, and social networks. Achieved status is a key component of meritocratic societies. The degree to which a society values achieved status varies … Read more

Points to Remember: Dependent Origination (PratÄ«tyasamutpāda) as the core concept. Understanding the twelve nidānas (links in the chain of causation). The cyclical nature of suffering and liberation. The role of karma and intention. The path to enlightenment as a breaking of the causal chain. Introduction: Buddhism, unlike many Western philosophies, doesn’t posit a creator god … Read more