CGPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-4

What is thermal pollution? Describe its reasons, effects, and control measures.

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Points to Remember: Definition and sources of thermal pollution. Impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Mitigation strategies and regulatory frameworks. Introduction: Thermal pollution refers to the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. This often involves the discharge of heated water from industrial processes, power plants, and other sources … Read more

What are alcohols? Write chemical reactions for the preparation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using Grignard’s reagent

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Points to Remember: Definition and classification of alcohols. Grignard reagent’s role in alcohol synthesis. Chemical reactions for preparing primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using Grignard reagents. Mechanisms involved in each reaction. Introduction: Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a saturated carbon atom (sp3 hybridized). They are … Read more

How is the photoelectric effect the basis for the working of a solar cell? Explain.

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Points to Remember: The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when light hits a material. Solar cells utilize this effect to convert sunlight into electricity. Efficiency of solar cells depends on factors like material selection and design. Limitations include cost, efficiency, and environmental impact of manufacturing. Introduction: The photoelectric effect, a phenomenon discovered by … Read more

Write the differences between a National Park and a Sanctuary.

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Points to Remember: Subscribe on YouTube Legal Status: Differing legal protection and management frameworks. Human Activities: Varying levels of permitted human activities. Primary Goal: Different primary conservation objectives. Management Authority: Often managed by different agencies or departments. Introduction: Join Our Telegram Channel National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are both protected areas established to conserve biodiversity … Read more

What is CNG? Explain its importance.

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Points to Remember: CNG’s composition and properties. Advantages of CNG as a fuel. Disadvantages and challenges of CNG adoption. Environmental impact of CNG compared to other fuels. Policy implications and future prospects of CNG. Introduction: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a fuel composed primarily of methane, which is extracted from natural gas reserves. It’s stored … Read more

Bhavya rows a distance of 2 km downstream in 25 minutes and takes 35 minutes to cover the same distance upstream. Find the speed of the stream.

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Points to Remember: This is a problem involving relative speed in the context of a boat moving in a stream. We need to find the speed of the stream, given the time taken to travel downstream and upstream. The solution involves setting up and solving simultaneous equations. Introduction: This question is a classic example of … Read more

Rishabh was facing the Zoo initially. He turned 135° clockwise. Where is he facing now? Then he turns in the anticlockwise direction to face the Garden. What angle did he turn through?

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Points to Remember: Understanding clockwise and anticlockwise rotations. Calculating angles based on a 360° circle. Visualizing the directions. Introduction: This question involves basic geometry and spatial reasoning. It tests the understanding of angles and directions, specifically clockwise and anticlockwise rotations. We will use a 360-degree circle as a reference point to determine Rishabh’s final facing … Read more

What do you mean by hotspots of biodiversity? What are the two criteria for any area to be a biodiversity hotspot?

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Points to Remember: Definition of Biodiversity Hotspots Criteria for Hotspot Designation: Endemism and Threat Examples of Biodiversity Hotspots Importance of Conservation Efforts Introduction: Join Our Telegram Channel Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, is crucial for the planet’s health and human well-being. However, this biodiversity … Read more

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