CGPSC MAINS 2022 Paper-3

Points to Remember: Centralized Administration: The Kalchuri administration was largely centralized, with the king at its apex. Provincial Governors: The kingdom was divided into provinces, each governed by a designated official. Local Administration: Village administration likely involved traditional village councils and headmen. Revenue System: The system relied heavily on land revenue, supplemented by other taxes. … Read more

Points to Remember: Pandit Ravishankar Shukla’s role in the pre-independence movement. His contributions to the formation of Chhattisgarh state. His leadership and organizational skills. His ideological leanings and political affiliations. His legacy and lasting impact on Chhattisgarh. Introduction: Pandit Ravishankar Shukla (1887-1960) stands as a towering figure in the history of Chhattisgarh’s struggle for independence … Read more

Points to Remember: Public administration’s inherent challenges: inefficiency, bureaucracy, lack of accountability. Private sector’s strengths: efficiency, innovation, customer focus, profitability. Transferability of techniques: not all private sector techniques are suitable for public administration. Ethical considerations: balancing efficiency with public service values. Need for adaptation: private sector techniques need modification to fit the public sector context. … Read more

Points to Remember: Freedom of conscience is the right to hold beliefs and opinions without external coercion. Freedom of religion encompasses the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate one’s religion. These freedoms are fundamental human rights, but they are not absolute and may be subject to reasonable restrictions. Balancing these freedoms with other rights and … Read more

Points to Remember: Flourishing of Sanskrit literature and education. Establishment of Nalanda and other universities. Patronage of rulers and the rise of learned individuals. Influence of religious and philosophical thought on education and literature. Contributions to various fields of knowledge, including mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Introduction: The Gupta Empire (c. 320-550 CE) is widely regarded … Read more

Points to Remember: The Cabinet Mission Plan’s objectives: To achieve Indian independence and prevent partition. Key features: A unified India with three sections, a weak central government, and interim government formation. Strengths: An attempt at a peaceful transfer of power, consideration of Indian viewpoints. Weaknesses: Lack of clarity, ambiguous provisions, ultimately failed to prevent partition. … Read more

Points to Remember: Urban sprawl and its impact on natural habitats. Pollution (air, water, noise) and its health consequences. Waste management challenges and solutions. Green infrastructure and its role in mitigating environmental impacts. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation strategies. Policy and planning frameworks for sustainable urban development. Introduction: Urban development, the process of transforming natural … Read more

Points to Remember: Stages of policy-making Actors involved in policy-making Influence of various factors (political, social, economic) Feedback mechanisms and policy evaluation Introduction: Policy-making is the process by which governments and other organizations create and implement policies to address societal problems or achieve specific goals. It’s a complex, iterative process involving multiple actors and stages, … Read more

Points to Remember: Political achievements: Expansion of territory, administrative reforms, military prowess. Economic achievements: Development of agriculture, trade, and infrastructure. Cultural achievements: Patronage of arts, literature, and religion. Social achievements: Impact on the lives of ordinary people, social reforms (if any). Limitations: Areas where the dynasty fell short of expectations. Introduction: The Somavanshi dynasty ruled … Read more

Points to Remember: Veer Hanuman Singh’s role in the 1857 revolt in Chhattisgarh. Limited documented evidence necessitates reliance on oral histories and regional accounts. The significance of his contribution within the broader context of the revolt. The challenges in assessing the impact of localized uprisings. Introduction: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, often referred to as … Read more