CGPSC MAINS 2022 Paper-3

Points to Remember: Key Players: Thomas Munro and Charles Reed were pivotal in shaping the Madras Presidency’s land revenue system. Evolution: The system evolved over time, reflecting changing administrative priorities and economic realities. Impact: The system had profound and lasting effects on land ownership, agricultural practices, and social structures in the Madras Presidency. Criticisms: Despite … Read more

Points to Remember: Dissatisfaction with Non-Cooperation Movement: The failure and suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement was a key catalyst. Difference in ideologies within the Congress: A significant ideological split existed between those favoring complete independence (extremists) and those preferring gradual reforms (moderates). Need for a constructive approach: A section felt the need for a more … Read more

Points to Remember: Indian Councils Act of 1909 (also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms) Expansion of the Legislative Council Introduction of separate electorates for Muslims Limited Indian participation in governance Introduction: The Indian Councils Act of 1909, enacted during the British Raj, marked a significant, albeit limited, step towards greater Indian participation in the legislative … Read more

Points to Remember: Article 323(1) of the Indian Constitution deals with the power of Parliament to constitute Public Service Commissions (PSCs). The article outlines the provisions related to the reports of these commissions. The reports are submitted to the President/Governor, who then presents them to the legislature. The legislature’s role is crucial in ensuring accountability … Read more

Points to Remember: Sufi understanding of Atma (self, soul) is deeply intertwined with their concept of Tawhid (Oneness of God). Sufism emphasizes the journey of the soul towards union with God (fana). Different Sufi schools and masters may offer nuanced interpretations of Atma. The concept is experiential and often expressed through poetry and mystical narratives. … Read more

Points to Remember: The Kamavisdar’s role was multifaceted, encompassing revenue collection, judicial functions, and administrative duties. Their power varied depending on the specific region and the period of Maratha rule. The system had both strengths and weaknesses, contributing to both the efficiency and the potential for corruption within the Maratha administration. Introduction: The Maratha Empire, … Read more

Points to Remember: The correct spelling is “Maha Shivratri.” It’s a significant Hindu festival. It celebrates the union of Shiva and Shakti. It involves various rituals and observances. It holds deep spiritual significance for Hindus. Introduction: Maha Shivratri, meaning “The Great Night of Shiva,” is a major Hindu festival celebrated annually in honor of Lord … Read more

Points to Remember: Megasthenes’ account provides a valuable, albeit limited and potentially biased, glimpse into ancient Indian society. His observations focused primarily on the Mauryan Empire, not the entirety of India. His descriptions should be interpreted within the context of his time and his potential biases as a foreign observer. Key aspects of his description … Read more

Points to Remember: Administrative structure of the Vijayanagar Empire. Provincial governance and its features. Role of officials and their responsibilities. Revenue collection and administration. Military administration in the provinces. Control and communication between the center and provinces. Introduction: The Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1646 CE), one of the most powerful empires in South India, boasted a sophisticated … Read more

Points to Remember: Kesaribeda Copper Inscription: A historical inscription providing genealogical and political information. Identification of individuals mentioned: The primary focus is determining who is described in the inscription. Historical context: Understanding the time period and the political landscape of the region. Introduction: The Kesaribeda Copper Inscription is an important historical artifact providing insights into … Read more