CGPSC MAINS 2022 Paper-3

Points to Remember: Article 21-A guarantees the Right to Education (RTE) to children aged 6-14 years. It mandates free and compulsory education for this age group. The RTE Act, 2009, operationalizes this constitutional right. Challenges remain in ensuring effective implementation of the RTE. Introduction: Article 21-A of the Indian Constitution, inserted through the 86th Amendment … Read more

Points to Remember: Key players: Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad. Goal: To disrupt the British colonial government’s financial system. Outcome: Failure of the immediate objective, but significant impact on the revolutionary movement. Legacy: Became a symbol of revolutionary struggle and sacrifice. Legal ramifications: Death sentences and imprisonment for many … Read more

Points to Remember: Lord Curzon’s deep interest in archaeology and preservation. The establishment of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under his tenure. Curzon’s focus on documentation, conservation, and preservation of monuments. Criticisms regarding his approach, including potential biases and colonial perspectives. Introduction: Lord Curzon (1859-1925), Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905, is remembered … Read more

Points to Remember: Key themes of Harshacharita: Kingship, religious tolerance, political maneuvering, courtly life, and the character of Harshavardhana. Literary style: Emphasis on vivid descriptions, dramatic narratives, and character development. Historical accuracy: A blend of historical fact and literary embellishment. Bana’s perspective: The author’s admiration for Harshavardhana is evident throughout. Introduction: Harshacharita, meaning “The Deeds … Read more

Points to Remember: Land revenue as the primary source. Importance of ports and trade. Role of different social groups in revenue collection. Absence of a centralized, unified system. Regional variations in revenue practices. Introduction: The Sangam period (c. 300 BCE – 300 CE) in South India witnessed the flourishing of several independent kingdoms and chiefdoms. … Read more

Points to Remember: Guru Nanak’s emphasis on equality. His rejection of the caste system. Promotion of monotheism and the rejection of idol worship. Focus on social justice and the upliftment of the marginalized. Emphasis on selfless service (seva) and community kitchen (langar). Introduction: Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539), the founder of Sikhism, was a profound … Read more

Points to Remember: The Prarthana Samaj’s primary aim was social reform within the framework of Hinduism. It focused on monotheism, rejecting idolatry and ritualistic practices. It championed widow remarriage, women’s education, and the eradication of caste discrimination. The Samaj advocated for rationalism and social justice. Its impact was significant in shaping the socio-religious landscape of … Read more

Points to Remember: Location and extent of the Granary. Construction techniques and materials. Purpose and function of the granaries. Significance in understanding Harappan civilization. Evidence supporting the granary’s existence and purpose. Introduction: The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, flourished in the Bronze Age (3300-1300 BCE) in the northwestern region of the … Read more

Points to Remember: The Middle Path avoids extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification. It emphasizes moderation and balance in all aspects of life. It’s a path to enlightenment, not a set of rigid rules. The Eightfold Path is a practical application of the Middle Path. Introduction: Buddhism, originating in ancient India with Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), … Read more