CGPSC MAINS 2022 Paper-6

Points to Remember: The Cartesian Cogito: Rene Descartes’ famous philosophical statement. Foundationalism: The philosophical approach underlying the statement. Subjectivity and Certainty: Key themes explored by the statement. Limitations and Criticisms: Challenges to the Cogito’s absolute certainty. Introduction: “Cogito, ergo sum” – “I think, therefore I am” – is a foundational statement in Western philosophy, famously … Read more

Points to Remember: Anatta (non-self): The core concept of the “no-soul” theory. Five Aggregates (Skandhas): Understanding the components that make up a person. Impermanence (Anicca): The ever-changing nature of reality. Suffering (Dukkha): The inherent dissatisfaction stemming from attachment to a false self. Nirvana: Liberation from suffering achieved through understanding Anatta. Introduction: Buddhist philosophy, particularly in … Read more

Points to Remember: Constitutional provisions for Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India. Effectiveness of these provisions in protecting ST interests. Gaps and challenges in implementation. Suggestions for improvement. Introduction: The Indian Constitution, recognizing the historical injustices and marginalization faced by Scheduled Tribes, incorporates several safeguards to protect their interests and promote their socio-economic development. These provisions, … Read more

Points to Remember: Diverse mediums used by tribal communities globally. Significance of art in tribal culture and identity. Interrelation between art form and environment/lifestyle. Challenges faced in preserving and promoting tribal art. Introduction: Tribal art, encompassing the artistic expressions of indigenous communities worldwide, is a rich tapestry woven from diverse materials and techniques. It’s not … Read more

Points to Remember: The Muria Revolt of 1876 was a tribal uprising against British rule in Bastar, present-day Chhattisgarh, India. The revolt was triggered by a confluence of factors, primarily related to land alienation, forest exploitation, and the imposition of British administrative systems. The Murias, a Gond tribe, fiercely protected their traditional way of life … Read more

Points to Remember: Gond artistic traditions Memorial pillars (their purpose and significance) Materials and techniques used Stylistic features and iconography Introduction: The Gond tribe, inhabiting the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, India, possesses a rich artistic heritage deeply intertwined with their beliefs and social structures. One striking manifestation of this heritage is their creation of memorial … Read more

Points to Remember: Traditional knowledge (TK) encompasses indigenous practices, beliefs, and innovations. Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations. Tribal areas often possess unique ecosystems and resource management practices. TK plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, resource management, and community resilience. Challenges include intellectual property rights, documentation, and integration with … Read more

Points to Remember: Social Reform Movements Legislation and Government Policies Economic Changes Education and Urbanization Globalization and Intermingling of Cultures Rise of Social Justice Movements Introduction: The caste system, a rigid social hierarchy prevalent in India for millennia, has undergone significant transformations over time. While its origins are debated, it’s generally understood as a system … Read more

Points to Remember: Cyclical theories posit that societies follow recurring patterns of rise, decline, and fall. These cycles are often linked to specific factors like technological innovation, environmental changes, or internal societal dynamics. Different cyclical theories emphasize different driving forces and lengths of cycles. Criticisms include the difficulty in predicting future cycles and the oversimplification … Read more

Points to Remember: Spinoza’s concept of substance is monistic, meaning there is only one substance. This substance is God or Nature (Deus sive Natura). Attributes are the ways we perceive this single substance. Modes are the particular things or events that exist within the substance. Understanding Spinoza’s substance requires grasping his metaphysics and epistemology. Introduction: … Read more