Points to Remember:
- Electric field intensity is the force experienced by a unit positive charge.
- It is calculated by dividing the potential difference by the distance between the plates.
- The unit of electric field intensity is Volts per meter (V/m) or Newtons per Coulomb (N/C).
Introduction:
Electric fields are regions of space where electrically charged particles experience a force. The intensity of an electric field (E) describes the strength of this force per unit charge. In a uniform electric field, like that between two parallel plates with a potential difference, the field intensity is constant. This is a fundamental concept in electrostatics, with applications ranging from capacitors to particle accelerators. The relationship between electric field intensity, potential difference (V), and distance (d) is given by the simple formula: E = V/d.
Body:
Calculating Electric Field Intensity:
The question requires us to calculate the electric field intensity between two parallel plates given the distance between them (d = 4 cm = 0.04 m) and the potential difference (V = 12 volts). Using the formula:
E = V/d
E = 12 V / 0.04 m
E = 300 V/m
Therefore, the intensity of the electric field between the plates is 300 V/m or 300 N/C.
Assumptions and Limitations:
This calculation assumes a perfectly uniform electric field. In reality, edge effects and non-uniform charge distribution can slightly alter the field intensity near the edges of the plates. The calculation also assumes that the plates are large enough compared to the distance between them to minimize fringe effects. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates is assumed to be 1 (vacuum or air). If a different dielectric material were present, the electric field intensity would be affected.
Conclusion:
The intensity of the electric field between two parallel plates separated by 4 cm with a 12-volt potential difference is calculated to be 300 V/m. This calculation is based on the fundamental formula E = V/d and relies on certain assumptions regarding the uniformity of the field and the dielectric properties of the medium. While the calculation provides a good approximation, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations imposed by real-world conditions. Further investigations might involve considering the effects of non-uniform fields and different dielectric materials to obtain a more precise understanding of the electric field in such scenarios. A deeper understanding of electrostatics is crucial for advancements in various technological applications, emphasizing the importance of precise calculations and awareness of underlying assumptions.
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