The creation of Chhattisgarh as the 26th state of India in 2000 marked a significant moment in the country's history. This relatively young state, carved out of Madhya Pradesh, carries a rich historical legacy and a unique cultural identity. Its formation was the culmination of decades-long struggles, fueled by aspirations for self-governance and regional development.
Historical Background and the Demand for Statehood
The demand for a separate Chhattisgarh state has its roots in the distinct cultural and historical identity of the region. Even before India's independence, the concept of a separate state resonated with many. The region, with its unique traditions, dialects, and tribal heritage, stood apart from the rest of Madhya Pradesh.
Early Demands:
Pre-Independence Era: The first seeds of the demand were sown during the British Raj itself, with movements advocating for the recognition of the region's distinct identity.
Post-Independence: After India gained independence, the demand for Chhattisgarh's statehood gained momentum. Various organizations and leaders championed the cause, highlighting the region's economic and social disparities within Madhya Pradesh.
Rationale for Statehood:
The demand for a separate state was driven by several key factors:
Cultural Identity: The region possessed a unique cultural identity, distinct from the rest of Madhya Pradesh, with its own set of traditions, dialects, and art forms.
Economic Disparity: Despite being rich in natural resources, Chhattisgarh remained underdeveloped. There was a feeling that the region's resources were being exploited for the benefit of other parts of Madhya Pradesh.
Administrative Convenience: The vast geographical expanse of Madhya Pradesh made it difficult to administer effectively. Creating a smaller state would lead to better governance and focus on regional development.
Movements and Key Leaders
The creation of Chhattisgarh was not an overnight phenomenon. It was the result of sustained efforts by various movements and leaders who relentlessly pursued the cause of statehood.
Key Movements:
Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha: This organization played a pivotal role in mobilizing public opinion and raising awareness about the demand for statehood.
Chhattisgarh Rajya Nirman Manch: This platform brought together various political and social organizations, further strengthening the movement.
Key Leaders:
Pt. Sundarlal Sharma: A veteran freedom fighter and a prominent Congress leader, he is considered the 'Father of Chhattisgarh.' He played a crucial role in advocating for the state's creation.
Veer Narayan Singh: A tribal leader who revolted against the British in the 19th century, he became a symbol of the region's struggle for self-rule.
Chandulal Chandrakar: A prominent politician and former Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, he played a key role in the final stages of the statehood movement.
Kedar Nath Kashyap: A senior BJP leader, he actively participated in the movement and later served as a minister in the Chhattisgarh government.
The Final Push:
The late 1990s saw a renewed push for statehood. The BJP, then in opposition in Madhya Pradesh, made it a key part of their agenda. After winning the 1998 assembly elections, they initiated the process of creating the new state. The bill for the creation of Chhattisgarh was passed by the Parliament in 2000, and on November 1, 2000, Chhattisgarh was officially born.