DMPQ-What were the causes of intellectual awakening during mahajanpada era?

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Causes of intellectual awakening:

State formation and the rigidity of the Vedic religion constrained the liberty of thought and action. A revolt against religious practice of following dogmas found its articulation in heterodox sects.

As the Vedic religion had not yet permeated into the society, people did not find it difficult to follow the newly emerging religious sects.

With urbanization and expansion of trade, new classes of merchants and bankers such as sethis sought higher social status appropriate to their economic status.

The grievance of Kshatriyas was that they were denied a staged life of ashramas, a privilege permitted only to Brahmins in the Vedic texts.

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