CGPCS Mains Paper V

Forest area of Chhattisgarh approx 59,772 square kilometers, which is 44.21 percent of the Chhattisgarh ‘s geographical area. Third rank in the country In terms of forest covers. Forests of Chhattisgarh state divided into two major categories, namely Tropical Humid Deciduous forest and tropical dry Deciduous forest. The state’s two main tree species are sal (Shorea robusta) and teak (Tectona grandis). In addition, the Top Canopy species are bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Saja (Terminalia tomentosa), Dhavdha (Anogeissus latifolia), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon). Mid-Canopy species are Anwala (Embilica officinalis), Karra (Cleistanthus collius) and bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) etc. There are various ... Read more

Development of non-conventional sources of energy is of prime importance for the sustainable and inclusive growth in the state. Conventional energy resources are depleting at an accelerated rate and non-conventional resources could play a leading role in energy security in the state. Non-Conventional energy resources could minimise the transmission cost and energy divide between the remote locations olar energy, a primary energy source, is non-polluting and inexhaustible. There are three methods to harness solar energy: (i) Converting solar energy directly into electrical energy in solar power stations using photo cells or photovoltaic cells or silicon solar cell. (ii) Using photosynthetic ... Read more

Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. Main Aims of Rural Developement are:- Providing livelihood opportunities to those in need including women and other vulnerable sections with focus on Below Poverty Line (BPL) households. Providing for the enhancement of livelihood security of households in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household demanding it. Provision of all ... Read more

Chhattisgarh: changes in the sectoral distribution of income and employment The primary sector, more specifically agriculture and allied activities, forms the base of the State’s economy and provides livelihood to 80 percent of the rural population. The rural economy has a diversified base with agriculture and allied activities as the mainstay, accompanied by a thriving rural non-farm economy. According to the 2011 Census, the Work Force Participation Rate (WFPR) for the State is 46.5 percent. The rural WFPR is higher, at 50 percent, compared to the urban WFPR of 31 percent. Marginal workers constitute about 27.2 percent of the total ... Read more

Chhattisgarh: Socio, Political and Economic empowerment of Women. Child Labour problem Chhattisgarh has a high female-male sex ratio (991) ranking at the fifth position among other states of India. Although this ratio is small compared to other states, it is unique in India because Chhattisgarh is the 10th-largest state in India.  The gender ratio (number of females per 1,000 males) has been steadily declining over 20th century in Chhattisgarh. But it is conspicuous that Chhattisgarh always had a better female-to-male ratio compared with national average. Probably, such social composition also results in some customs and cultural practices that seem unique ... Read more

Chhattisgarh: Structure and growth of Co-operatives and their shares in total credit adequacy and problems The cooperative banking sector is one of the main partners of Indian banking structure, the cooperative banks have more reach to the rural India, through their huge network of credit societies in the institutional credit structure. The cooperative sector has played a key role in the economy of the country and always recognized as an integral part of our national economy. Cooperatives have ideological base, economic objects with social outlook and approach. The cooperative covers almost all cent percent villages in India. The cooperative form ... Read more

Chhattisgarh: Demographic features and social backwardness of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward classes and Minorities. Literacy and occupation structure   Demographic features of chhatishgarh As per details from Census 2011, Chhattisgarh has population of 2.56 Crores, an increase from figure of 2.08 Crore in 2001 census. Total population of Chhattisgarh as per 2011 census is 25,545,198 of which male and female are 12,832,895 and 12,712,303 respectively. In 2001, total population was 20,833,803 in which males were 10,474,218 while females were 10,359,585.   The total population growth in this decade was 22.61 percent while in previous decade it was 18.06 percent. ... Read more

Chhattisgarh: Public Debt composition- Internal and External Debt including World Bank loans, Institutional and non institutional sources of Rural Credit in Chhattisgarh The State Government manages public-debt through two sources- Internal Loan and Loan and Advance from Central Government. The Chhattisgarh Government Manages internal loan through following sources: The percentage share of Internal Loan of State Government has increased from 65.73 percent in the year 2001-02 to 95.44 percent in the year 2005-06 and after that it has declined to 54.33 percent in the year 2007-08, again it has increased to 89.81 percent in the year 2009-10 respectively. on the ... Read more

Economic reforms in india New Industrial Policy Under Industrial Policy, keeping in view the priorities of the country and its economic development, the roles of the public and private sectors are clearly decided. Under the New Industrial Policy, the industries have been freed to a large extent from the licenses and other controls. In order to encourage modernisation, stress has been laid upon the use of latest technology. A great reduction has been effected in the role of the public sector.  Efforts have been made to encourage foreign investment. Investment decision by companies has been facilitated by ending restrictions imposed ... Read more

Structural changes in the Indian Economy Change in composition of domestic product or change in national income by industry of origin refers to change in relative significance (share) of different sectors of the economy. Generally, an economy is divided into three major sectors viz. primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Primary sector includes agricultural and allied activities, secondary sector includes manufacturing industries and tertiary sector includes services. With the development process, significance of primary sector declines while that of secondary and tertiary sectors increases. After independence, Indian economy has also experienced such changes. The share of primary sector in GDP at ... Read more